2023年河南考研英語考試模擬卷（6）

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1、2023年河南考研英語考試模擬卷（6） 本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時(shí)間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。 一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意） 1.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activit

2、y. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking....The work is incredibly meticulous... Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology

3、 improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialis

4、t analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in

5、 a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft

6、 may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organis

7、ation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described b

8、y Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the

9、 amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requi

10、res different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and social de velopments.Why does the conclusion dram from Bahn

11、's words seem contradictory（） A．More analysis can be done with less samples. B．Excavation diminishes with improved technology. C．Better materials can be obtained from painstaking excavation. D．Excavation is time-consuming but fruitless. 2.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general pub

12、lic is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking....The work is incredibly meticulous... Secondly, w

13、e can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples agai

14、n suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the adva

15、ncement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving m

16、aterial culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts

17、 of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excav

18、ation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For exa

19、mple, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic n

20、ature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studie

21、s are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and social de velopments.Which of the following may archaeologists currently place least importance on（） A．The economy. B．The environment. C．People's daily life. D．A single site. 3.Text 4 What is less well understood by the gen

22、eral public is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking....The work is incredibly meticulous... Sec

23、ondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samp

24、les again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through

25、the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the sur

26、viving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader

27、concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of wor

28、k. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication.

29、 For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a str

30、ategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continue

31、s studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and social de velopments.The example in Egypt and Italy shows that（） A．surviving material culture is easy to understand. B．museums am not capable of preserving so many items. C．a(chǎn)rchaeology is not a high priority in both count

32、ries. D．further excavation might be unnecessary. 4.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first

33、, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking....The work is incredibly meticulous... Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from m

34、icroscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than t

35、he excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisi

36、tion of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The eme

37、rgence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much great

38、er importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four comp

39、onents, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by

40、Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarel

41、y directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and social de velopments.We can infer from the passage that（） A．excavators have been replaced by specialist analysers. B．resear

42、ch design comes into being with changes in archaeology. C．field work in the past possesses a strategic nature. D．processual archaeology makes excavation lose its function. 5.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have further con

43、tributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking....The work is incredibly meticulous... Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn f

44、rom this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often tha

45、n not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey te

46、chniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in t

47、he ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question set

48、ting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a st

49、ructured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of e

50、nquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are

51、more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and soc

52、ial de velopments.Which of the following can NOT reduce the reliance upon excavation（） A．The apply of radio carbon dating. B．More acquisition of artifacts, C．Emergence of processual archaeology. D．Development of surface survey technique. 6.Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Re

53、ading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 When it comes to suing doctors, Philadelphia is hardly the city of brotherly love. A combination of sprightly lawyers and sympathetic juries has made

54、 Philadelphia a hotspot for medical-malpractice lawsuits. Since 1995, Pennsylvania state courts have awarded an average of $ 2m in such cases, according to Jury Verdict Research, a survey firm. Some medical specialists have seen their malpractice insurance premiums nearly double over the past year.

55、Obstetricians are now paying up to $ 104,000 a year to protect themselves. The insurance industry is largely to blame. Carol Golin, the Monitor’s editor, argues that in the 1990s insurers tried to grab market share by offering artificially low rates (betting that any losses would be covered by

56、 gains on their investments). The stock-market correction, coupled with the large legal awards, has eroded the insurers’ reserves. Three in Pennsylvania alone have gone bust. A few doctors -- particularly older ones --- will quit. The rest are adapting. Some are abandoning litigation-prone pro

57、cedures, such as delivering babies. Others are moving parts of their practice to neighboring states where insurance rates are lower. Some from Pennsylvania have opened offices in New Jersey. New doctors may also be deterred from setting up shop in litigation havens, however prestigious. Despite a Re

58、publican president, tort reform has got nowhere at the federal level. Indeed doctors could get clobbered indirectly by a Patients’ Bill of Rights, which would further expose managed care companies to lawsuits. This prospect has fuelled interest among doctors in Pennsylvania’s new medical

59、 malpractice reform bill, which was signed into law on March 20th. It will, among other things, give doctors $ 40m of state funds to offset their insurance premiums, spread the payment of awards out over time and prohibit individuals from double-dipping that is, suing a doctor for damages that have

60、already been paid by their health insurer. But will it really help Randall Bovbjerg, a health policy expert at the Urban Institute, argues that the only proper way to slow down the litigation machine would be to limit the compensation for pain and suffering, so-called non-monetary damages. Needless

61、to say, a fixed cap on such awards is resisted by most trial lawyers. But Mr Bovbjerg reckons a more nuanced approach, with a sliding scale of payments based on well-defined measures of injury, is a better way forward. In the meantime, doctors and insurers are bracing themselves for a couple more ro

62、ugh years before the insurance cycle turns. Nobody disputes that hospital staff make mistakes: a 1999 Institute of Medicine report claimed that errors kill at least 44,000 patients a year. But there is little evidence that malpractice lawsuits on their own will solve the problem.We can learn from th

63、e text that a new law in Pennsylvanian（） A．will subject insurance companies to lawsuits. B．helps solve the problem of hospital staff errors. C．may leave doctors a little better protected. D．helps patients sue a doctor for damages. 7.Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Reading t

64、he following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 When it comes to suing doctors, Philadelphia is hardly the city of brotherly love. A combination of sprightly lawyers and sympathetic juries has made Philad

65、elphia a hotspot for medical-malpractice lawsuits. Since 1995, Pennsylvania state courts have awarded an average of $ 2m in such cases, according to Jury Verdict Research, a survey firm. Some medical specialists have seen their malpractice insurance premiums nearly double over the past year. Obstetr

66、icians are now paying up to $ 104,000 a year to protect themselves. The insurance industry is largely to blame. Carol Golin, the Monitor’s editor, argues that in the 1990s insurers tried to grab market share by offering artificially low rates (betting that any losses would be covered by gains on their investments). The stock-market correction, coupled with the large legal awards, has eroded the insurers’ reserves. Three in Pennsylvania alone have gone bust. A few doctors -- particula