2023年河南考研英語考試真題卷（4）

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1、2023年河南考研英語考試真題卷（4） 本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。 一、單項選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意） 1.Text 3Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they h

2、ave made or the services they can perform.But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century made person - to - person selling less efficient than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and

3、highway systems made person - to - person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magazines, then radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or

4、salesmanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the pr

5、oduct, use a service, vote for a political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospect’s.While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefi

6、ts for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost 5f a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising also brings people immediate news about products that have just come on

7、the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magazines and newspapers.The last paragraph is mainly about （） A．the cost of advertising a product B．the effect of advertisement on people' s lives C．the

8、 benefits advertisement brings D．various media for advertising products 2.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs,

9、 along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it wa

10、s still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for eac

11、h dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population wa

12、s poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it ha

13、s stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health ca

14、re.It can be inferred that poverty（） A．is defined very concretely in every period B．is difficult to define in specific terms C．is defined in material terms D．is defined according to the standard of each decade 3.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time o

15、f rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 19

16、73 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of

17、English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nu

18、tritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With t

19、he adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives sa

20、y that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportion of the American population（） A．1973. B．1987. C．1969. D．1983.

21、4.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfo

22、rtable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 mill

23、ion Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in t

24、he United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the

25、 proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low becau

26、se it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.Those who consider the poverty line high point out that（） A．the poor

27、 people enjoy other benefits B．the society as a whole is not well-off C．the poor people may conceal their real income D．the poor people need less money to support themselves 5.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluence side by side with ri

28、sing poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the po

29、pulation to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a mini

30、mum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming the

31、y use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administrati

32、on ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor

33、receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.How many people are there in the United States in 1987（） A．259 million. B．117 million. C．175 million. D．240 million. 6.Text 4Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United Stat

34、es as a time of rising affluence side by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a comfortable living. Yet simultaneously, the nation’ s poverty rate r

35、ose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2, or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32:5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 179

36、5, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum in come should be the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent. Today the Census Bureau defines the threshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to

37、 purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 p

38、ercent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration ’ s antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969. But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living.Co

39、nservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.In the eighties, the Americans as a whole （） A．became richer B．became poorer C．lived a poorer life than in the seventies D．needed more

40、 jobs to support their families 7.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university examiners had th

41、is sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their students’

42、 ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to do teaching their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintaining standards of

43、 dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection between clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be the victims o

44、f a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of (20) .1（） A．verbal B．visual C．oral D．factual 8.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used

45、the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the years,

46、university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their students’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to do teaching their ow

47、n subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintaining standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection between clear thinking

48、and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of (20) .2

49、（） A．clearly B．merely C．fairly D．Barely 9.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university ex

50、aminers had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their s

51、tudents’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to do teaching their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintainin

52、g standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection between clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be

53、 the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of (20) .4（） A．by B．with C．through D．for 10.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writ

54、er used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the

55、 years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their students’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to do teaching

56、their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintaining standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection between clear t

57、hinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of

58、 (20) .3（） A．appraisal B．admiration C．perplexity D．controversy 11.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unl

59、ikely that university examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final examination in 1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general

60、 imprecision (8) their students’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they had (11) to do teaching their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the

61、importance of maintaining standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the connection between clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that und

62、ergraduates appear to be the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of (20) .5（） A．very B．much C．too D．quite 12.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. Wh

63、en a famous English writer used the (1) over two hundred years ago, he was actually (2) to people who could (3) read Greek or Latin. (4) ,it seems unlikely that university examiners had this sort of (5) in mind when they reported on creeping illiteracy in a report on their students’ final exam

64、ination in 1988. (6) the years, university lecturers have been (7) of an increasing tendency towards grammatical sloppiness, poor spelling and general imprecision (8) their students’ ways of writing; and sloppy writing is all (9) often a reflection of sloppy thinking. Their (10) was that they

65、had (11) to do teaching their own subject (12) teaching their undergraduates to write. Some lecturers believe that they have a (n) (13) to stress the importance of maintaining standards of dear thinking (14) the written word in a world dominated by (15) communications and images. They (16) on the co

66、nnection between clear thinking and a form of writing that is not only clear, but also sensitive to (17) of meaning. The same lecturers argue that undergraduates appear to be the victims of a softening process that begins (18) the teaching of English in schools, but this point of view has, not (19) , mused a great deal of (20) .6（） A．little B．nothing C．plenty D．enough 13.Illiteracy may be considered more as an abstract concept than a condition. When a famous English writer used the (1) o