2023年安徽考研英語考試模擬卷（2）

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1、2023年安徽考研英語考試模擬卷（2） 本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。 一、單項選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意） 1.Text 1In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by with

2、drawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon absorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.

3、Every code of etiquette has contained three elements= basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.In the first category are consideration for we

4、ak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzania, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence withou

5、t asking permission.Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties of other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as

6、possible, before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, whi

7、ch admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private lift in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The loads had returned to their castles from

8、the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of t

9、he concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.The ideals of chivalry demanded that（） A．a(chǎn) knight should never have physical relationship with women. B．a(chǎn) knight sho

10、uld inspire his lady to valiant deeds. C．a(chǎn) knight should dedicate his valiant deeds to a woman. D．romantic people should influence literature. 2.Text 2Once free of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided impor

11、tant continuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. --Senatus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman political and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the peo

12、ple themselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of gove

13、rnment including the passage of legislation and the supervision of elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of hea

14、ds-patres-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and social interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the

15、representative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which they became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former gro

16、wing in riches and the latter sinking further and further into poverty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together, warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all

17、 else, to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact, the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phase of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, a

18、nd the quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wealth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political d

19、ominance in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of culture, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its control throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.In the last paragraph, Roman expansion was described vividly, what is the

20、base of the expasion（） A．Military conquest B．Superior military strategy C．The scientific structure of the society D．Advanced culture 3.Text 2Once free of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided important c

21、ontinuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. --Senatus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman political and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the people th

22、emselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of government

23、 including the passage of legislation and the supervision of elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of heads-pat

24、res-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and social interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the repres

25、entative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which they became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former growing i

26、n riches and the latter sinking further and further into poverty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together, warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all else,

27、 to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact, the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phase of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the

28、 quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wealth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political dominan

29、ce in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of culture, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its control throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.What kind of social form immediately followed the Roman Republic Age（） A．feud

30、alism B．Etruscan domination C．socialism D．impericalism 4.Text 2Once free of Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided important continuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. --Senatus Populusgue Roma

31、nus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman political and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the people themselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman

32、 Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of government including the passage of legislation and the supervision of elected magistrates.

33、 Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of heads-patres-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. T

34、he three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and social interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the representative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which they became members o

35、f the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former growing in riches and the latter sinking further and further into poverty. Yet the constit

36、utional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together, warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all else, to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact, the internal stabil

37、ity of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phase of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wealth of conquered reg

38、ions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the second century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political dominance in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of culture, evident in Hell

39、enic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its control throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.What does the word "patrician" mean in the second sentence of the second paragraph（） A．Patron B．Supporter C．Governmental D．Aristocrat 5.Text 2Once free of

40、 Etruscan domination, the Romans developed a Republican form of government which lasted until the first century BC, and provided important continuity for Roman institutions. The motto S. P. Q. R. --Senatus Populusgue Romanus, The Roman Senate and People reflected the philosophy of the early Roman po

41、litical and social order and remained the watchword of Roman society until Imperial times. It meant that sovereignty rested in the people themselves, and not in any particular governmental form. Yet in many ways the Roman Republic functioned as a democracy. Decisions affecting society were made at a

42、 series of assemblies which all citizens attended to express their will. The Senate, on the other hand, conducted the business of government including the passage of legislation and the supervision of elected magistrates. Over the centuries the greatest issues affecting Roman society were played out

43、 as dramas created by tensions between people and Senate.The Senate itself was an hereditary institution comprising an assembly of heads-patres-of old patrician families and later wealthy members of the citizenry-plebs. The three hundred members therefore represented old and new money, power, and so

44、cial interest. It was a self-renewing oligarchy. The two most important officers who ruled the state were the consuls, elected by the representative assemblies for one-year terms, at the end of which they became members of the Senate. In Rome the rich ruled via the Senate. The general citizenry were

45、 little more than peasants. By the third century BC the division between aristocrat and peasant had widened appreciably-the former growing in riches and the latter sinking further and further into poverty. Yet the constitutional frame-work of the Republic held the small Roman social order together,

46、warding off revolution, permitting change, and providing the body politic with reasonably well-trained leaders who knew how, above all else, to keep the Republic functioning and alive. It was, in fact, the internal stability of the Republic which made expansion possible, bringing about the next phas

47、e of Roman history.Roman expansion was based on military conquest. Very little commerce and industry existed in Rome, unlike Athens, and the quality of life in Rome came to depend directly upon the wealth of conquered regions brought back to Rome as spoils of military victory. By the middle of the s

48、econd century BC Rome had conquered Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Asia Minor, and had thus assumed a position of political dominance in the Hellenistic world. The internationalization of culture, evident in Hellenic times, increased further under the Romans. Later, Rome would extend its co

49、ntrol throughout Europe and eventually to the British Isles.Which of the following hold the most important position in the Senate（） A．Consuls B．Plebs C．People D．Patres 6.Text 3It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in whic

50、h he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew

51、rich through trade. Sixteenth-century Englishmen traveled to the New World and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Eu

52、rope was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later, no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place

53、 to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were replaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedi

54、es by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with classical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring,

55、 business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in his plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals

56、, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public theaters were built, not ins

57、ide the city limits but just outside, along with other places of entertainment. Theaters in Elizabethan England were patronized by all social classes. The Globe Theater, built in 1599, where many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed, had a platform stage jutting out into a central courtyard.

58、The audience stay around three sides of this platform the lower-class who each paid a penny in the pit and the wealthier spectators in the galleries above. The orchestra was on stage, as music was usually a significant part of the production. Indeed, the costumes, scenery, singing, playing, and danc

59、ing, as well as acting was essential to the total show. There was no lighting, however, plays were performed in the afternoon. Shakespeare knew his audience: his theater is addressed not just to the educated but to all classes of society.According to the text ,the theater（） A．first appeared in En

60、gland. B．follows two classical rules. C．were only sponsored by the nobility. D．had various types. 7.Text 3It is because of his plays that Shakespeare is now considered the greatest English writer in history. The era in which he lived, Elizabethan England, was a time in which broad interests and

61、creativity could flourish. Elizabeth, the queen, was beloved by her subjects and proved to be a powerful and able ruler. Under the reign of Elizabeth, England changed from an island kingdom to an expanding empire. England grew rich through trade. Sixteenth-century Englishmen traveled to the New Worl

62、d and to Africa. Music, dance, poetry, painting, and architecture flourished; but the art form in which Elizabethan England distinguished the rest of Europe was the theater.The theater, which had practically disappeared from Europe was, at this time, received as a part of the church service. Later,

63、no longer as a part of the service, the mystery plays responded to popular taste by adding more and more comic elements. In England, they were sponsored by various trade guilds and presented on stage wagons that went from place to place. When the mystery plays began to lose their appeal, they were r

64、eplaced by morality plays which always taught a moral.In Renaissance England, writers were particularly interested in classical texts such as Latin and Greek plays. Schools and universities began to produce comedies and tragedies by Platus, Terence, and Seneca. Shakespeare was well acquainted with c

65、lassical humanities and classical tragedies and comedies often served as models in his own drama. A Renaissance man, Shakespeare’s interest went beyond book learning to practical knowledge of military strategy, seafaring, business affairs, and the new geographical discoveries, all evident in h

66、is plays.Companies of strolling plays which had specialized in morality plays responded to the change by staging new plays. Professional actors, who had been viewed by English society as little better than vagrants or criminals, gradually came under the protection of the nobility. Licensed theater companies were formed; Shakespeare belonged to one of those, where in addition to his writing, he acquired a wide experience in acting and theater management.The theater grew in popularity and public t