2023年青?？佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)考試考前沖刺卷

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1、2023年青海考研英語(yǔ)考試考前沖刺卷 本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時(shí)間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。 一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意） 1.Text 2 There is nothing like the joy of finding out that something sinful is actually good for you, whether it’s sex, chocolate or a glass of fine zed wine--or, for that matt

2、er, beer, whisky or a satisfying aperitif. We’ve long heard exciting hints that red wine has unique benefits for the heart. But the same sunny reputation for heart health is now starting to shine on all liquor. No matter where you look, the dominant alcoholic beverage is beneficial--whether it

3、’s red wine in France and Italy, sake in Japan or beer in Germany, says Dr. Walter Willett, chair of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. This has led researchers to an inescapable conclusion. As healthful as components of red wine may be, the primary benefit must come from ethano

4、l itself. In short, it’s the alcohol, stupid. But don’t go overboard. Protection comes only with light to moderate intake--two drinks a day for men or a miserly one a day for women. The major benefit of alcohol seems to come from its ability to boost levels of HDL, the good cholesterol t

5、hat helps keep arteries clear of plaque. Ethanol does that by signaling the liver to make more of a substance called Apo Al, the major protein in HDL. The effects can be striking. Depending on the individual, you can get increases of 10 to 30 percent in HDL in a week, says Harvard epidemiologist Eri

6、c Rimm. Alcohol also makes blood less sticky and less likely to form clots that cause heart attacks and strokes. It also appears to have mild anti-inflammatory effects. And it enhances insulin sensitivity--which may explain why moderate alcohol consumption correlates with a lower incidence of type 2

7、 diabetes. But alcohol is a dietary Jekyll and Hyde. Heavy intake can raise blood pressure, increase irregular heartbeat, and lead to heart failure. The most sobering news concerns cancer. A recent analysis of 156 studies found that as alcohol intake increases, so do risks of tumors in the mouth, an

8、d liver. Even moderate drinking can boost breast-cancer risk a small amount. Is moderate drinking worth the risks For some people--pregnant women, people with liver disease or a history of alcoholism--the answer is no. But for most of us, the benefits will probably outweigh the hazards. Whether you

9、sip wine, beer or spirits, your heart may thank you.By using the word "correlates" (Line 7, Paragraph 3 ), the author implies that（） A．drinking alcohol might cause diabetes. B．both types of diabetes are related to alcohol consumption. C．drinking alcohol is good for people with diabetes. D．drin

10、king alcohol might lower the risk of diabetes. 2.Text 2 There is nothing like the joy of finding out that something sinful is actually good for you, whether it’s sex, chocolate or a glass of fine zed wine--or, for that matter, beer, whisky or a satisfying aperitif. We’ve long heard exci

11、ting hints that red wine has unique benefits for the heart. But the same sunny reputation for heart health is now starting to shine on all liquor. No matter where you look, the dominant alcoholic beverage is beneficial--whether it’s red wine in France and Italy, sake in Japan or beer in German

12、y, says Dr. Walter Willett, chair of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. This has led researchers to an inescapable conclusion. As healthful as components of red wine may be, the primary benefit must come from ethanol itself. In short, it’s the alcohol, stupid. But don’t go

13、 overboard. Protection comes only with light to moderate intake--two drinks a day for men or a miserly one a day for women. The major benefit of alcohol seems to come from its ability to boost levels of HDL, the good cholesterol that helps keep arteries clear of plaque. Ethanol does that by signalin

14、g the liver to make more of a substance called Apo Al, the major protein in HDL. The effects can be striking. Depending on the individual, you can get increases of 10 to 30 percent in HDL in a week, says Harvard epidemiologist Eric Rimm. Alcohol also makes blood less sticky and less likely to form c

15、lots that cause heart attacks and strokes. It also appears to have mild anti-inflammatory effects. And it enhances insulin sensitivity--which may explain why moderate alcohol consumption correlates with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. But alcohol is a dietary Jekyll and Hyde. Heavy intake can

16、raise blood pressure, increase irregular heartbeat, and lead to heart failure. The most sobering news concerns cancer. A recent analysis of 156 studies found that as alcohol intake increases, so do risks of tumors in the mouth, and liver. Even moderate drinking can boost breast-cancer risk a small a

17、mount. Is moderate drinking worth the risks For some people--pregnant women, people with liver disease or a history of alcoholism--the answer is no. But for most of us, the benefits will probably outweigh the hazards. Whether you sip wine, beer or spirits, your heart may thank you.According to Dr. W

18、alter Willett, for good health, people could drink（） A．only red-wine, B．beer. C．some whisky. D．a(chǎn)ny alcohol. 3.Text 3 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Thro

19、w in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information.

20、 And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe. data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it.

21、Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several

22、firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator’s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are handed off from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned

23、 up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Use

24、rs register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holida

25、ys. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warn

26、s drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm’s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangl

27、e’s traffic forecasts for the coming week.It can be inferred from the passage that（） A．Traffic jam remains unavoidable worldwide. B．Traffic forecasts will become as authoritative as the weather forecasts. C．There is always a short cut by using one of these systems. D．New systems will imp

28、rove the transportation situation. 4.Text 3 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of bus

29、es fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information. And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle I

30、nformation and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe. data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150

31、,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that

32、lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator’s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are handed off from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, say

33、s Mr Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text

34、message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75

35、% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mai

36、l or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm’s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle’s traffic forecasts for the coming week.The use of mobile-phone signals

37、 in monitoring traffic is（） A．monopolized by ITIS, a British company. B．promising but still under experiment. C．based on the data from people on roads. D．effective in reducing traffic speeds. 5.Text 3 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes Perhaps not. Many countries now have

38、dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from bu

39、sy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information. And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe. data from traffic centres into in-car navigation syst

40、ems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier o

41、f ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator’s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic spee

42、ds as phones are handed off from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Mic

43、rosoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with

44、 historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, Californi

45、a, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm’s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed,

46、in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle’s traffic forecasts for the coming week.Honda is mentioned in the second paragraph to suggest that（） A．Traffic Message Channel is established in Japan. B．Japan is in the lead in solving traffic problems.

47、 C．Honda demonstrated how VICS can be used. D．Only few people can afford to enjoy this service. 6.Text 3 Is sitting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spot

48、ting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it is possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information. And now they do.

49、 Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Europe and Japan respectively, pipe. data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese

50、 carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium Club so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenti

51、ng with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a mobile operator’s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are handed off from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pe

52、destrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to predict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their

53、 route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. JamBayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz

54、of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impe

55、nding traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm’s boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle’s traffic

56、 forecasts for the coming week.To know what is exactly happening on the roads, we don't need to（） A．dispatch aircraft to spot the traffic. B．guarantee drivers have access to the information system. C．obtain related reports of accident. D．collect data of the positions of buses. 7.Text 3 Is sit

57、ting in traffic as inevitable as death and taxes Perhaps not. Many countries now have dedicated traffic-monitoring centres linked to networks of cameras and sensors. Throw in traffic-spotting aircraft, accident reports and the known positions of buses fitted with satellite-positioning gear, and it i

58、s possible to see exactly what is happening on the roads. Drivers could switch from busy to quiet routes and avoid congestion-if only they had access to this information. And now they do. Systems such as the Traffic Message Channel and the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS), in Euro

59、pe and Japan respectively, pipe. data from traffic centres into in-car navigation systems via FM radio signals. Drivers can see where the traffic is and try to avoid it. Honda, a Japanese carmaker, even combines VICS data with position data from 150,000 vehicles belonging to members of its Premium C

60、lub so that they can choose the fastest lane on a congested road, says David Schrier of ABI Research, a consultancy. Meanwhile ITIS, a British company, is one of several firms experimenting with mobile-phone signals to monitor traffic on roads that lack sensors or cameras. Its software hooks into a

61、mobile operator’s network and uses a statistical approach to deduce traffic speeds as phones are handed off from one cell tower to another. The data must be cleaned up to exclude pedestrians and cyclists, but this idea has great potential, says Mr Schrier. Another way to dodge traffic is to pr

62、edict where and when it will form. In Redmond, Washing ton, at the headquarters of Microsoft, employees have been testing a traffic-prediction system called JamBayes. Users register their route preferences and then receive alerts, by e-mail or text message, warning them of impending traffic jam. Jam

63、Bayes uses a technique called Bayesian modeling to combine real-time traffic data with historical trends, weather information and a list of calendar events such as holidays. Eric Horvitz of Microsoft, who developed the system, says it is accurate 75% of the time, and 3, 000 employees use it daily. A

64、 system called Beat-the-Traffic, developed by Triangle Software of Campbell, California, with funding from the National Science Foundation, goes further. It not only warns drivers of impending traffic but also suggests an alternative route via e-mail or text message. Andre Gueziec, the firm’s

65、boss, thinks traffic forecasts will become as prevalent as weather forecasts. Indeed, in June, KXTV News 10, a TV station in Sacramento, California, began showing Triangle’s traffic forecasts for the coming week.JamBayes is different from the previously mentioned technologies as it（） A．help

66、s the drivers to choose the fastest lane. B．send information to cars in the system. C．is based on a technique modeling to combine various data. D．helps the drivers to avoid congestion. 8.Text 4 The scourge that’s plaguing cruise lines--and causing thousands of tourists to rethink their holiday travel plans--didn’t start this year, nor did it even start on a ship. It began, as far as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) can tell, in Norwalk, U. S., in October 1968, when 116 eleme