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1、專題十三構(gòu)詞法(詞類轉(zhuǎn)換) 怎么考詞語的派生是語法填空題的必考點(diǎn)之一，考查考生在理解上下語境的基礎(chǔ)上，由所給詞派生出其他詞來。通常涉及形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；動(dòng)詞(或名詞)加后綴變成形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；動(dòng)詞加后綴變成名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；形容詞加后綴變成名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換；動(dòng)詞加后綴變成“人”的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換；加否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴的轉(zhuǎn)換等。 怎么學(xué)在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，注意積累常用后綴及前綴的用法，同時(shí)積累常用詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。怎么解首先要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看空格處要填的詞在句子中充當(dāng)什么成分；然后回顧思考充當(dāng)這一成分需要哪類詞，再看括號(hào)中所給詞是什么詞類，應(yīng)如何將其轉(zhuǎn)換成所需詞類。 .體驗(yàn)考向單句語法填空1.(2015全國(guó)卷)Ab
2、ercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _ (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2.(2015全國(guó)卷)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipme
3、nt. 3.(2014全國(guó)卷)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint).4.(2014廣東卷)She was _ (surprise) helpful.5.(2014全國(guó)卷)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers _ (sudden) became friendly to one another.
4、 答案1.regularly定期為人們安排到這兒的旅行。此處應(yīng)該使用副詞regularly作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞arrange。2.ability考查詞性?？涨懊媸切稳菰~性物主代詞their，其后面需要用名詞。3.disappointeddisappointed和前面的anxious并列，形容等車人的心情。4.surprisingly考查副詞。修飾形容詞helpful，用副詞。5.suddenly此處需要副詞修飾動(dòng)詞became。 .考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)集訓(xùn)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2014福建卷)I was about to give up when my father came and _ (encoura
5、gement) me to keep going.2.(2013廣東卷)“That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.3.(2013廣東卷)But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village. 4.(2013福建卷)Parents _ (arrangement) everything for their children and spar
6、e no effort to pave the way for their success.5.(2012廣東卷)Mary felt _(please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.6.I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond _ (recognize). 7.The boss showed his _ (appreciate) of Toms hard work in the company by raising his
7、 pay to $5，000 a month.8.You can_(large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.答案1.encouraged2.reasonable3.possibly4.arrange5.pleased6.recognition7.appreciation8.enlarge 集訓(xùn)根據(jù)所給提示詞，完成下列短文，然后朗讀或背誦，在語境中體會(huì)構(gòu)詞法。From the _1_ (express) on Marys face，he knew he left a bad _2_ (im
8、press) on her and if she won the _3_ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment _4_ (organize)，he could not get her _5_ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of _6_ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this emba
9、rrassing situation，he got _7_ (inspire) from his wifes words.Yes，he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his _8_ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear，you are really a wonderful _9_ (help)！Im sure I will be the _10_ (win) of the election.”He said to hi
10、s wife excitedly.答案1.expression2.impression3.election4.Organization5.permission6.pollution7.inspiration8.determination9.helper10.winner 知識(shí)胸有成竹一、?？记熬Y1.表示否定或相反意義的前綴dis-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop2.形容詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴en-：ableenable；largeenlarge
11、，richenrich3.其他inter-相互，over-超過；re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex-husband，supernatural，vice-chairman 二、?？己缶Y1.形容詞ly變成副詞：realreally，angryangrily，possiblepossibly。2.動(dòng)詞或名詞變成形容詞的后綴-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary：naturenatural，useuseful，continuecontinuous，healthhealthy。3.動(dòng)
12、詞變名詞的后綴-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrivearrival，appearappearance，existexistence，inviteinvitation。 4.形容詞變名詞的后綴-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluentfluence，wisewisdom，silentsilence，growgrowth，safesafety。5.表示人的后綴-er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employe
13、e，Chinese，American，musician，servant。6.表示否定的后綴-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless。7.形容詞變動(dòng)詞的后綴-en，-fy：broadbroaden，classclassify。8.名詞變動(dòng)詞的后綴-ize：apologyapologize。 三、轉(zhuǎn)化法1.名詞動(dòng)詞：back n.背vt.支持，seat n.座容納2.動(dòng)詞名詞：walktake a walk，surveymake a survey3.形容詞動(dòng)詞：slow adj.慢的v.減慢四、合成法1.名詞名詞名詞
14、：classroom，teamwork，newspaper2.形容詞名詞名詞：blackboard，highway 3.副詞名詞名詞：overcoat，underground，outbreak4.副詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞：update，overlook5.名詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞：sun-bathe，proof-read6.名詞分詞形容詞：man-made，hand-made，peace-keeping7.形容詞分詞形容詞：good-looking 集訓(xùn)奔向高考閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。When you decide youre going to live alone，y
15、ou get upset.This is _1_(nature).But theres no need to get _2_ (worry).Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out.You need to save enough money _5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place.The _6_(easy) of all way
16、s is to spend less! Search for a place to live in before _7_(move) out.Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location.Besides，you can afford _8_.If youre going to stay in an expensive city，find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have to live _9_ your own for a long t
17、ime，youll have to look for a part-time job.If youre _10_ student，you can work in restaurants，theaters，etc.And dont spend a lot of money in a wasteful way！Try and save every penny of what you earn. 答案1.natural考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)你決定單獨(dú)生活時(shí)，你變得沮喪，這是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空處作表語，故此處需要用nature的形容詞形式。2.worried考查形容詞。get worried“
18、擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂”。3.that考查定語從句。句意：下面是一些幫助你擺脫困境的方法。因?yàn)橄刃性~前有不定代詞some修飾，所以此處用that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語代替先行詞ideas。 4.what考查表語從句。句意：在你搬出去的幾個(gè)月之前，你就需要開始存錢。what引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在從句中作賓語。5.to help考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：你需要存足夠的錢，幫助你在新的地方生存至少一個(gè)月。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。6.easiest考查最高級(jí)。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花錢。由of all ways可知用最高級(jí)。 7.moving考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。介詞before后跟動(dòng)詞ing形式。8.it考查代詞。此處用it指代前面的“the place”。9.on考查介詞短語。on ones own“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”。10.a考查冠詞。句意：如果你是一名學(xué)生，你能在餐館、劇院等地方工作。此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指一名學(xué)生。
浙江專用2017屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分基礎(chǔ)語法巧學(xué)巧練專題十三構(gòu)詞法詞類轉(zhuǎn)換課件
