2022年考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解）第8期

《2022年考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解）第8期》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2022年考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解）第8期（22頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2022年考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解） 1. 單選題 The lost car of the Thompsons was found forsaken in the woods off the high way. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.vanished B.scattered C.abandoned D.rejected 【答案】C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forsake意為“拋棄，遺棄”；vanish意為“消失”；scatter意為“驅(qū)散，散開”；abandon意為“放棄，拋棄”；reject意為“拒絕”。 句意

2、：湯普森一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在遠(yuǎn)離高速公路的樹林里。 2. 單選題 Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t tolerate so much noise. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.resist B.sustain C.endure D.undergo 【答案】C 【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resist“抵抗，抗拒”；B選項(xiàng)sustain“維持，支持，承擔(dān)”；C選項(xiàng)endure“忍耐，忍受”；D選項(xiàng)undergo“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”。句意：有些老人不喜歡流行歌曲，

3、因?yàn)樗麄兪懿涣诉@么多的噪音。tolerate“忍受，容忍”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。 3. 單選題 The Civil War provided an impetus to Michigan's growth. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.an incentive to B.an obstacle to C.a reason for D.a delay in 【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。an impetus to意為“推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)”；an incentive to意為“刺激，激勵(lì)”；an obstacle to意為“

4、障礙”；a reason for意為“理由，原因”；a delay in意為“延遲”。 句意：南北戰(zhàn)爭推動(dòng)了密歇根州的發(fā)展。 4. 單選題 Should this crisis continue, the Palestinian heath system will further （deteriorate）and services will be disrupted. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.improve B.recover C.worsen D.decrease 【答案】C 【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improve“提高

5、，增進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“修復(fù)，彌補(bǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)worsen“惡化，變得更快”；D選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小，降低”。句意：如果這一危機(jī)繼續(xù)下去，巴勒斯坦保健系統(tǒng)將進(jìn)一步惡化，服務(wù)將受到破壞。Deteriorate“惡化，變壞”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。 5. 單選題 In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in

6、surgery. The existing framework relating to physical assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation. It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time

7、. It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation. An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such la

8、ws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel. Compulsory postmortem examination, a far more extensive procedure than organ removal for grafting, is required in most countries after unexpected death, and this compulsion is not a matter of public concern and debate. There would s

9、eem to be no reason why organ removal for transplantation purposes should not also be acceptable to public opinion, provided there is a mechanism by which individuals in their lifetime can refuse this permission. This, of course, requires an efficient register of those who indicate their refusal; th

10、e register would be consulted before any organs would be removed. It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor. Transplantation has obviously raised important ethical considerations concer

11、ning the diagnosis of death, and particularly, how far resuscitation should be continued. Every effort must be made to restore the heartbeat to someone who has had a sudden cardiac arrest or breathing to someone who cannot breathe. Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard method

12、s of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless. 1.According to the author, which of the following is NOT true? 2.Which of the following is NOT a suggestion made in the passage? 3.The

13、word “impair” at the end of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（? ）. 4.It is believed that efforts at resuscitation are useless when （? ）.?? 5.Which of the following sentences can best sum up the passage? 問題1選項(xiàng) A.Most countries do not have an effective law on organ transplantation B.

14、The traditional ways of asking for permission of relatives for organ removal dos not proved to be always feasible C.It is hard to understand why people should remain silent on compulsory postmortem exam after unexpected death. D.In some countries these are laws providing that the permission of

15、 organ removal is taken for granted unless it has been refused by the person in his lifetime. 問題2選項(xiàng) A.People should be encouraged to donate their organs after death B.Organ removal should be permitted in the course of compulsory postmortem exam. C.Organ removal for transplantation sh

16、ould be advocated because it benefits the human society D.Organ removal for transplantation could be considered legal unless the dead person stated otherwise in his life time. 問題3選項(xiàng) A.neglect B.weaken C.come together with D.be superior to 問題4選項(xiàng) A.artificial respiratio

17、n and massage of the heart have yielded no obvious result B.a person’s heartbeat and breath has totally stopped C.standard methods of resuscitation have failed D.the brain is certainly dead 問題5選項(xiàng) A.Legal and ethical problems of organ transplantation B.Some underlying principles

18、 on organ transplantation C.The diagnosis of death before organ transplantation D.The difference between compulsory postmortem exam and organ transplantation 【答案】第1題:C 第2題:B 第3題:B 第4題:D 第5題:A 【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段首句In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, a

19、s legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery.（在大多數(shù)國家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因?yàn)樯形粗贫ǔ鲠槍?duì)外科手術(shù)進(jìn)步的立法）可知A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)國家沒有關(guān)于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to re

20、ach the relatives in time.（習(xí)慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進(jìn)行，可能無法及時(shí)聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請(qǐng)求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Ital

21、y, and Israel.（另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過了這樣的法律）可知D選項(xiàng)“在一些國家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當(dāng)然的”正確。通過排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。 2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used

22、 for transplantation.（有人建議，應(yīng)開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谄溥z囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谒篮缶璜I(xiàn)器官”和C選項(xiàng)“器官移植應(yīng)該提倡，因?yàn)樗欣谌祟惿鐣?huì)”正確；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. （另一種辦法是通過法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項(xiàng)“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非

23、死者在其有生之年另有說明”符合題意。通過排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。 3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；come together with意為“和……一起”；be superior to意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”。“impair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential do

24、nor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會(huì)……潛在供者的正常復(fù)蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項(xiàng)最符合邏輯關(guān)系。 4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useles

25、s.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復(fù)蘇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為除此之外，努力復(fù)蘇是無用的）可知選D。 5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問題，因此選A。 6. 單選題 She has been melancholy for nearly two weeks. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.upset B.sad C.voracious D.satiated 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。melancholy意為“悲傷的，憂郁的”；upset意為“心煩的；混亂的”，指因?yàn)槭艽於趩?；sad意為“難

26、過的，悲哀的”，指感情上的悲傷；voracious意為“貪吃的，求知欲強(qiáng)的”；satiated意為“滿足的”。 句意：她已經(jīng)憂郁了將近兩周了。 7. 單選題 The rats（? ）bacterial infections of the blood. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.develop B.produce C.stimulate D.induce 【答案】A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。develop意為“發(fā)展，患(病)，出現(xiàn)(問題)”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)，制造”；stimulate意為“刺激”；induce意為“引誘”。

27、bacterial infections意為“細(xì)菌感染”，時(shí)一種病癥，主語為“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。 句意：老鼠出現(xiàn)了血液細(xì)菌感染。 8. 單選題 The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.exultant B.conciliatory C.reverent D.receptive 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。a jubilant意為“喜慶洋洋的，歡欣鼓舞的”；exultant意為“狂喜的；興高采烈的”；

28、conciliatory意為“調(diào)解的，安撫的”；reverent意為“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意為“樂于接受的”。 句意：婚禮開始時(shí)，客人們都喜氣洋洋。 9. 單選題 Medieval travelers' tales of fantastic creatures were often fascinating but not always（? ）. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.credible B.creditable C.conceivable D.credulous 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credib

29、le意為“可信的，可靠的”通常指人物、言語、歷史、故事等的可信；creditable意為“值得稱贊的，帶來榮譽(yù)的，可信的”，通常指人的行為，表現(xiàn)或工作而言；conceivable意為“可想到的，可想像的”；credulous意為“輕信的，易受騙的”。由句中的but可知前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，tale表示“傳說，傳言”，因此選A。 句意：中世紀(jì)旅行者關(guān)于神奇生物的故事常常引人入勝，但并不總是可信的。 10. 單選題 The novel contains some marvelous revealing（ ）of rural life in the 19th century.

30、 問題1選項(xiàng) A.glances B.glimpses C.glares D.gleamed 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)glance“瞥閃，掃視，匆匆一看”；B選項(xiàng)glimpse“瞥見”；C選項(xiàng)glare“怒目而視，瞪眼看；發(fā)出刺眼的光”；D選項(xiàng)gleamed“閃爍；隱約地閃現(xiàn)”。句意：這本小說包括對(duì)19世紀(jì)鄉(xiāng)村生活的一瞥，絕妙而富于啟發(fā)。glimpse“瞥見”，是glance的結(jié)果?！皌ake a glance at ...”（看一看）的結(jié)果便是“get a glimpse of ...”（瞥見了），此句中，小說提到的是19世紀(jì)的鄉(xiāng)村生活，

31、是結(jié)果不是看一看的動(dòng)作。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。 11. 單選題 The Red Cross appealed to philanthropy to save a life of a prisoner. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.public B.charity C.justice D.attorney 【答案】B 【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)public“公眾，社會(huì)，公共場所”；B選項(xiàng)charity“慈善，慈善團(tuán)體”；C選項(xiàng)justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；D選項(xiàng)attorney“律師，代理人，檢察官”。句意：紅十字會(huì)呼吁慈善事業(yè)來拯救一

32、名囚犯的生命。Philanthropy“慈善；慈善事業(yè)”，B選項(xiàng)與該單詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。 12. 單選題 Your excuse that an elephant fell on you and made you late is just（? ）. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.inevitable B.incredible C.indispensable D.incurable 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inevitable意為“不可避免的”；incredible意為“不能相信的，難以置信的”；indispensa

33、ble意為“不可或缺的，必不可少的”；incurable意為“無法治愈的”。由“an elephant fell on you（一只大象落在你身上）”導(dǎo)致遲到這樣的借口，通常會(huì)讓人覺得這是難以置信的，因此選B。 句意：你找的借口說一只大象落在你身上，使你遲到了，這根本是不可信的。 13. 單選題 ?Just for fun, they decided to try a very （? ）country road instead of the more direct super-highway. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.ambiguous B.circ

34、uitous C.deciduous D.nefarious 【答案】B 【解析】查形容詞辨析。ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”；circuitous意為“迂回的，繞行的”；deciduous意為“每年落葉的，非永久性的”；nefarious意為“極壞的，惡毒的”。由instead of（而不是）可知“______country road（鄉(xiāng)村道路）”與“direct super-highway（直達(dá)高速公路）”相比較，因此選B。 句意：僅是為了好玩，他們決定嘗試一條非常迂回的鄉(xiāng)村公路，而不是更直接的高速公路。 14. 翻譯題 Pee

35、r tutoring is an effective way to improve learning for both the tutee and the tutor, and no one doubts the value of this strategy for meeting individual needs within a classroom. However, it takes more than simply pairing off students to make peer tutoring result in improved learning. Although you

36、are likely to use informal tutoring practices in your classroom every day (e.g. asking one student to help another student with a problem), establishing a formalized tutoring program requires more involved planning. The following strategies can help you create and sustain an effective program within

37、 your classroom. As with most initiatives, if you can work with your building administrator and other teachers to establish a school-wide tutoring program, you will be able to serve the needs of all students more successfully. Typically, training will be minimal and will include basic instruction in

38、 modeling, prompting responses from tutees, using corrective feedback and praise/reinforcement, alternating teaching methods and materials (i.e.., using multisensory methods), and recording and reporting progress. If this is a school-wide initiative, classroom teachers or even parents or paraprofess

39、ionals can train students who will tutor as part of an extracurricular service activity. 【答案】【參考譯文】同伴教學(xué)是一種對(duì)受教者和施教者的學(xué)習(xí)都有改進(jìn)的有效方法，沒有人懷疑這種策略在課堂里滿足個(gè)人需求的價(jià)值。然而，要想讓同伴輔導(dǎo)提高學(xué)習(xí)效果，僅僅把學(xué)生配對(duì)是不夠的。 雖然你可能每天在你的課堂里使用非正式的輔導(dǎo)實(shí)踐（例如，要一位學(xué)生去幫助另一位學(xué)生解決問題），但是建立一個(gè)正式的輔導(dǎo)課程卻需要更復(fù)雜的設(shè)計(jì)。下面的策略可以幫助您在課堂里創(chuàng)建并維持一個(gè)有效的輔導(dǎo)課程。與大多數(shù)的倡議一樣，

40、如果您能與大樓管理員和其他教師共同去建立一個(gè)全校性的輔導(dǎo)課程，那么您將能夠更成功地滿足所有學(xué)生的需求。 通常，培訓(xùn)是小規(guī)模的，并且包括建模的基本指令，提示來自受教者的回應(yīng)，使用矯正反饋和稱贊/強(qiáng)化，交替教學(xué)方法和材料（如使用多感官的方式），記錄和報(bào)告進(jìn)展。如果這是一次全校性的倡議，那么將輔導(dǎo)作為部分課外服務(wù)活動(dòng)的課堂老師，甚至家長或輔導(dǎo)專職人員都可以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生。 15. 單選題 Many people think of deserts as（? ）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted t

41、o life there. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.barren B.virgin C.void D.wretched 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。barren意為“貧瘠的，不毛的”；virgin意為“未開發(fā)的，原始狀態(tài)的”；void意為“無效的，空的”；wretched意為“不幸的，悲慘的”。but前后的內(nèi)容含義轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再根據(jù)人們通常對(duì)desert（沙漠）的印象是廣闊無垠的荒地，因此選A。 句意：許多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不毛之地，但是許多種類的植物和動(dòng)物已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里的生活。 16. 單選題 Standing on the r

42、im of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earth’s surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion. In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of eros

43、ion. Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered fonnations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over

44、the course of millions of years. Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau’s flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is

45、 still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, ex

46、tended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-miIe-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no ear

47、lier than 10 million years ago. Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rain and snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumbl

48、e; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues. 1.What does the passage mainly discuss? 2.I

49、n the first sentence the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to indicate that（? ）. 3.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage? 問題1選項(xiàng) A.Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges. B.Forces that made the Grand Canyons. C.

50、The increasing pollution of the Colorado River. D.The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon. 問題2選項(xiàng) A.it was caused by some ancient convulsion B.its presence is an embarrassment to the State of Colorado C.it looks like an injury on the Earth’s surface D.it is caused many visitor

51、s to injure themselves 問題3選項(xiàng) A.Its contours are constantly changing. B.It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock. C.Its eruptions have increased in recent years. D.It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants. 【答案】第1題:B 第2題:C 第3題:A 【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩

52、慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對(duì)大峽谷形成的原因和過程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)分析；最后一段進(jìn)一步介紹大峽谷的進(jìn)一步形成是由于各種力的作用。因此B選項(xiàng)“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。 2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earth’s surface, a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個(gè)

53、巨大的傷痕，游客可能會(huì)認(rèn)為峽谷是由一些古老的震動(dòng)造成的）可知C選項(xiàng)“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。 3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（緩慢地向后推進(jìn)高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。 17. 翻譯題 Vacations are more necessary now than befor

54、e because today the average life is less well-rounded and has become increasingly compartmentalized. I suppose the idea of vacations, as we conceive it, must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples. Rest of some kind has of course always been a part of the rhythm of human life, but earlier ages did

55、 not find it necessary to organize it in the way that modern man has done, holidays and feast days were sufficient. With modern man’s increasing tensions, with the stultifying (極其單調(diào)乏味的) quality of so much of his work, this break in the year’s routine became steadily more necessary. Vacations became

56、 mandatory for the purpose of renewal and repair. And so it came about that in the United States, the most self-indulgent of nations, the most tense and compartmentalized, vacations have come to take a predominant place in domestic conversation. 【答案】【參考譯文】休假比以前任何時(shí)候都更有必要，因?yàn)槿缃褚话闳说纳畈辉傧褚郧澳菢迂S

57、富多彩，相反卻變得越來越單調(diào)乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在的休假概念。當(dāng)然，某種方式的休息，歷來是人生節(jié)奏的一部分，但人類社會(huì)早期認(rèn)為沒有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。那時(shí)的節(jié)日足已滿足人們的需要。 由于現(xiàn)代人生活越來越緊張，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假變得越來越必要。休假已成為調(diào)節(jié)修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放縱而生活節(jié)奏最緊張單調(diào)的美國，休假就成了家庭閑談的主要話題。 18. 單選題 Since Helen is my wife, it is difficult for me to be objective about her talent.

58、 問題1選項(xiàng) A.impersonal B.single-minded C.overwhelmed D.subjective 【答案】A 【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impersonal“客觀的，非個(gè)人的”；B選項(xiàng)single-minded“專心的，純真的”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的，被湮沒的”；D選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的，個(gè)人的”。句意：既然海倫是我的妻子，我很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)她的才能。Objective“客觀的”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思更相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。 19. 翻譯題 Put the follow

59、ing 3 Chinese sentences into English and 3 English sentences into Chinese. 事實(shí)上，與普通高校畢業(yè)生相比，名校畢業(yè)生由于享受更好的資源、受到更好的教育，所以他們也就更有創(chuàng)造力和生產(chǎn)力。而且，從知名高校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無論在心理上還是在學(xué)術(shù)上都更突出一些，因而也更加自信，這就形成了良性循環(huán)。 幾周以前，英國食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局(FSA)發(fā)表了一份報(bào)告。報(bào)告評(píng)估了有機(jī)生產(chǎn)的水果、蔬 菜、肉類、蛋類和奶制品等與非有機(jī)生產(chǎn)的同類食品營養(yǎng)水平的差異。這是一項(xiàng)完整而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)难芯?。通過研究他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在營養(yǎng)成分上，有機(jī)和非有機(jī)食品間的差距可

60、以忽略不計(jì)。 根據(jù)心理學(xué)家克里斯托弗?彼得森的觀點(diǎn)，自尊與幸福度和生活滿意度有關(guān)。我們尊心越強(qiáng)，幸福度和生活滿意度就越高。它要求我們對(duì)自己的自尊有清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)，但不要期待自己會(huì)十全十美。要原諒自己犯下的錯(cuò)誤，并盡快擺脫消極的態(tài)度。 The obesity is a national health crisis, one that—quite literally—weighs on us all. It costs lives. It costs dollars. And in the context of our current health-reform debate in Washing

61、ton, it’s time we took action, as a nation and as individuals, to address this cost. While infectious disease was a disaster threatening our grandparents' generation, chronic disease is killing us and harming our well-being—and obesity is the root cause. The growth in obesity is strongly linked to h

62、eart disease, hypertension, and the explosion of diabetes that our country is currently experiencing. The context of leadership is changing, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modern companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchie

63、s are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Instead, there should be a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Power to Lead, stresses a combination of hard and soft power, which is called smart

64、 power, is the best approach. ?For Emily Dickinson there are three worlds, and she lived in all of them, making them the substance of everything that she thought and wrote. There was the world of nature, the things and the creatures that she saw, heard, felt about her; there was the "estate" that w

65、as the world of friendship; and there was the world of the unseen and unheard. From her youth she was looked upon as different. She was direct, impulsive, original, and the droll wit who said unconventional things which others thought but dared not speak, and said them incomparably well. The charact

66、eristics, which made her inscrutable to those who knew her, continue to bewilder and surprise, for she lived by paradoxes. 【答案】As a matter of fact, the graduates from elite schools are more creative and productive than those from common schools, as better resources and education are available for the former. Furthermore, what contributes to the better development is that the graduates from elite schools are more confident, because they find themselves outstanding both in mentality a