2022年考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷71（含答案解析）

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1、2022年考博英語-暨南大學(xué)考試題庫及模擬押密卷（含答案解析） 1. 不定項選擇題 A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper（給……換尿布）their firstborn son, “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to him and smile a little.” The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He h

2、as nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.” Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacte

3、d only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry（模糊的）shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diape

4、rs, and a warm bassinet. Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment i

5、ncluding the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime. Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing

6、his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything. When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants m

7、asked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchronic（同時發(fā)生）to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response. 1. The author points out that the f

8、ather diapering his first-born son was wrong because（ ）. 2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? 3. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean? 4. According to the passage, it’s groundless to think that newborns prefer（ ）. 5. What is the passage mainl

9、y discussing about? 問題1選項 A.he believed the baby was not able to hear him B.he thought the baby didn’t have the power of speech C.he was a psychologist unworthy of his profession D.he thought the baby was not capable of any response 問題2選項 A.A new infant can see only blur

10、ry shadows. B.A new infant’s senses are undeveloped. C.All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet. D.A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment. 問題3選項 A.The newborn is greedy for new food. B.The newborn tends to overeat.

11、 C.The newborn always loves things that are new to him. D.The newborn’s appetite is a constant topic in novels. 問題4選項 A.a human face to a head-shaped outline B.animate things to inanimate ones C.human voice to non-human sounds D.nourishment to a warm bassinet 問題5選項

12、A.What people know about newborns. B.How wrong parents are when they handle their babies. C.How much newborns have progressed in about a decade’s time. D.Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime. 【答案】第1題:D 第2題:D 第3題:C 第4題:D 第5題:A 【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。聯(lián)

13、系上下文可知這位父親是個心理學(xué)家，而大約十年前，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為新生兒只是a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it（一種僅憑反射做出反應(yīng)的原始生物，是無力影響其生存環(huán)境的無助受害者），而如今他們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到了這種觀點是錯誤的，結(jié)合這位父親的話“他沒什么對我說的”可知他當(dāng)時也是堅持這種錯誤觀點，因此D選項“他認(rèn)為嬰兒沒有能力做出任何回應(yīng)”符合題意。 第2題:事實細節(jié)題。由第三段第二句中的psycho

14、logists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents（心理學(xué)家現(xiàn)在把新生嬰兒的形象描述為有洞察力，有非凡的學(xué)習(xí)能力，甚至有卓越的塑造其生活環(huán)境的能力，包括他父母的態(tài)度和行為）可知D選項“一個新生嬰兒實際上能夠影響其生活環(huán)境”符合題意。

15、第3題:語義推測題。由下文He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything（他喜歡有生命的東西勝過無生命的東西，喜歡人勝過一切）可推測He is a glutton for novelty表達的并非僅僅與“吃”有關(guān)，而是新生兒對新鮮事物的濃厚興趣，因此C選項“新生兒總是喜歡新鮮的事物”符合題意。 第4題:事實細節(jié)題。需注意題干中的groundless（無理由的），因此要找出不符合文意的選項。由第四段最后一句He prefers animate things over inanima

16、te and likes people more than anything（他喜歡有生命的東西勝過無生命的東西，喜歡人勝過一切）可排除B選項；由第五段第一句中的an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline（嬰兒更喜歡人的臉，而不是頭型的輪廓）可排除A選項；由第五段第三句中的his entire body moves in precise synchronic to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing（他的整個身體精確地隨著人類的聲音同步移動，就好像他在跳舞）和第四

17、句A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response（而非人類的聲音，比如敲打聲，則不會產(chǎn)生這種反應(yīng)）可推斷出嬰兒更喜歡人類的聲音，因此C選項可以排除，所以D選項為正確答案。 第5題:主旨大意題。本文介紹了過去心理學(xué)家對嬰兒的錯誤認(rèn)識，以及現(xiàn)在的正確認(rèn)識，因此A選項“人們對新生兒的了解”符合題意。???????? 2. 單選題 The secretary was harshly（ ）by her boss for misplacing some important files.

18、 問題1選項 A.rebuked B.teased C.washed D.accused 【答案】A 【解析】本題是動詞辨析題。rebuked“指責(zé)”；teased“取笑，戲弄”；washed“洗滌”；accused“控告”，根據(jù)for后面的內(nèi)容“誤放了重要文件”，可知這位秘書會被老板責(zé)備，此處應(yīng)該使用動詞rebuke的過去分詞rebuked，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：這位秘書因為誤放了重要文件而被老板嚴(yán)厲指責(zé)了。 3. 單選題 When we credit the successful people with intelli

19、gence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（ ）in all three. 問題1選項 A.rare B.lacking C.short D.scarce 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；沒有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，這四個詞是同義詞，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是這里fall sh

20、ort是一個固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：當(dāng)我們認(rèn)為成功的人具有智慧、強健的體魄和好運時，我們只是在為我們……以上三種因素而找借口。故正確答案為選項C。 4. 單選題 Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem oil（ ） and desertification in the long run. 問題1選項 A.erosion B.depletion C.violation D.delusion 【答

21、案】A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。erosion“侵蝕；腐蝕”；depletion“消耗；損耗”；violation“違反；妨礙”；delusion“迷惑；欺騙”，根據(jù)句意可知此處要填的詞與desertification“沙漠化”是相近的意思，所以此處應(yīng)該填erosion，oil erosion是“土壤侵蝕”的意思。句意：從長遠角度看，將耕地變回森林或者牧場是防止土壤……和沙漠化的基本方式。故正確答案為選項A。 5. 填空題 Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your SleepA) You love your smartphone, but it

22、 may be ruining your ZZZ’s. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around the time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use around that time in particular was associ

23、ated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One. B) The word “crack-be

24、rry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devices—arguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post office. C) Knowing that smart

25、phone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016. D) “Health E-Heart,” which was fund

26、ed by the National Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-report their health data

27、via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease. E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “We’ve had people from every state in the US, lots

28、 of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “sub-study”. F) Of

29、the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-day period. Thes

30、e participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcoh

31、ol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldn’t expect any bias.” G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, participants use

32、d their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficulties, compa

33、red with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime. H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some particip

34、ants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said. I) Despite potential shortcomings, Marcus research

35、is in line with other studies showing that the use of technology near bedtime is associated with difficulty sleeping, such as the 2015 National Sleep Foundation poll. Other research has shown that the blue light emitted by smartphones (and other digital devices) might suppress our body’s production

36、of melatonin, a hormone that induces tiredness and contributes to the timing of sleep-wake cycles. “So there’s some biological plausibility supporting the idea that there is a causal relationship, but we weren’t able to identify that,” Marcus noted. J) “It is believed that sleep is a restorative

37、process and a basic biologic need,” said Dr. Neil Kline, a sleep physician, internist and representative of the American Sleep Association. “When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail. Not only does our performance, memory and attention span suffer,

38、our immune system and endocrine system is also impaired.” K) Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, children’s sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study. Lead author Ben Carter, a senior lecturer in biostatistics at King’s Colleg

39、e London, and his colleagues discovered that for teens and children, the use of cell phones, tablets and computers is associated with losing sleep time and sleep quality. L) Marcus said he suspects that some people may be affected more than others and overuse of a smartphone impacts their sleep m

40、ore than it would for other people. He hopes to investigate this question in the future. Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of th

41、eir slumber. He added, “There’s almost certainly no harm in giving that a good try.” 11. Our addiction to smartphones dates back to about ten years ago.? _________?? 12. Data from Health E-Heart are collected and used for researchers into heart diseases.? _________?? 13. The findings of Dr. M

42、arcus’s study appeared in PLOS One. _________ 14. Bad sleepers are advised not to use their smartphones half an hour or so before they go to bed. _________?? 15. Marcus started his research because he suspected there might be some correlation between sleep loss and smartphone use. _________ 16. T

43、he use of digital devices affects children’s sleep too.? _________?? 17. To make sure his study was objective, Marcus required his subjects to provide many more of their life details than just sleep hours and sleep quality.? _________?? 18. Researchers found those who spend longer time playing w

44、ith their smartphones are more likely to sleep badly.? _________?? 19. Marcus conceded that some people were sleepless at night for reasons unrelated to mobile phone use.? _________?? 20. Sleep is our basic biological need and lack of it may cause our body functions to decline. _________? ??

45、 【答案】11.B 12.D 13.A 14.L 15.C 16.K 17.F 18.G 19.H 20.J 【解析】11.主旨大意題。題干意思為“我們對智能手機的上癮可以追溯到大約十年前?！蔽恼碌诙沃饕v了自十年前黑莓手機被生產(chǎn)出來之后，人們開始對智能手機上癮，由此可推斷出人們對智能手機的上癮可追溯到大約十年前。因此段落B正確。 12.主旨大意題。題干意思為“來自健康E-Heart的數(shù)據(jù)被收集并用于研究心臟病?！蔽恼露温銬說到“The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and devel

46、op strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.（這些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定預(yù)防和治療心臟病各個方面的策略。）”，其中“這些信息”指來自健康E-Heart的數(shù)據(jù)，因此段落D正確。 13.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫斯博士的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館（綜合）》雜志上?！蔽恼露温銩說到“His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One.（他的研究發(fā)表在周三的《公共科學(xué)圖書館（綜合）》雜志上。）”，該句與題干意思匹配，因此段落A正確。

47、 14.主旨大意題。題干意思為“建議睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小時左右使用智能手機?！蔽恼露温銵說到“Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber.（根據(jù)他的研究結(jié)果，他建議失眠癥患者和其他睡眠有問題

48、的人應(yīng)該避免在上床前半小時左右看屏幕，看看這是否能提高他們的睡眠質(zhì)量。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落L正確。 15.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫斯開始這項研究是因為他懷疑睡眠不足和使用智能手機之間可能存在某種關(guān)聯(lián)?！蔽恼露温銫說到“Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related.（了解到智能手機的使用和睡眠不足的

49、比例一起增加，馬庫斯和他的同事們決定調(diào)查這兩者是否有關(guān)聯(lián)。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落C正確。 16.主旨大意題。題干意思為“數(shù)字設(shè)備的使用也會影響兒童的睡眠?！蔽恼露温銴說到“Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, children’s sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study.（盡管大多數(shù)這些負面影響只在成年人身上進行了研究，但另一項不相關(guān)的研究表明，兒童的睡眠也受到

50、科技產(chǎn)品的影響。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落K正確。 17.主旨大意題。題干意思為“為了確保他的研究是客觀的，馬庫斯要求他的研究對象提供更多的生活細節(jié)，而不僅僅是睡眠時間和睡眠質(zhì)量?！倍温銯說到“So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues.（因此

51、，在回答睡眠評估問題時，參與者還輸入了人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，以及有關(guān)他們的酒精使用、體育活動、吸煙習(xí)慣和其他健康問題的信息。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落F正確。 18.主旨大意題。題干意思為“研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，花更長的時間玩智能手機的人更有可能睡眠不好。”文章段落G說到“And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.（睡眠質(zhì)量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手機。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落G正確。 19.主旨大意題。題干意思為“馬庫斯承認(rèn)，有些

52、人晚上睡不著覺的原因與使用手機無關(guān)?！蔽恼露温銱說到“We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time.（我們不能排除一些人因為完全無關(guān)的原因無法入睡的可能性，因為他們無法入睡，所以他們使用智能手機，只是為了打發(fā)時間。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落H正確。 20.主旨大意題

53、。題干意思為“睡眠是我們的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能會導(dǎo)致我們的身體功能下降?！蔽恼露温銳說到“When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail.（當(dāng)動物，包括人類，被剝奪睡眠時，許多身體系統(tǒng)會失效。）”，該句與題干意思相匹配，因此段落J正確。 6. 單選題 The emphasis on examinations is by far the（ ）worst form of competition in schools. 問題

54、1選項 A.negligent B.edible C.fabulous D.disproportionate 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “難以置信的；極好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該填一個形容詞，并且是表示貶義的形容詞來形容“強調(diào)考試”這種糟糕的競賽方式，分析四個選項，只有disproportionate最恰當(dāng)。句意：對考試的強調(diào)是目前學(xué)校里面最不合理……競賽方式。故正確答案為選項D。 7. 單選題

55、 Mr. Hopkins, who lost a leg in a car accident, had now been fitted with a (n) （ ）limb. 問題1選項 A.substitute B.attachment C.artificial D.extra 【答案】C 【解析】考查語義和形容詞名詞辨析。A選項substitute“替代品”；B選項attachment “附件”；C選項artificial“人造的”；D選項extra“額外的”。句意：霍普金斯先生在一次車禍中失去了一條腿，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)裝上了假肢。本句表示裝

56、上假肢的表達是artificial limb，C選項artificial“人造的”符合句意。因此C選項正確。 8. 單選題 Working with the mentally handicapped requires considerable（ ）of patience; and understanding. 問題1選項 A.means B.stocks C.provisions D.resources 【答案】D 【解析】本題考查名詞辨析題。means“方法；手段”；stocks“股份；庫存”；provisions “規(guī)定

57、；條款”；resources“資源；物力”，此處resources of patience表示“全部的耐心”的意思，故正確答案為選項D。句意為：與精神上有缺陷的人工作需要拿出所有的耐心和理解。 9. 單選題 With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon（ ）the older vessels in the race. 問題1選項 A.overran B.exceeded C.outstripped D.caught up 【答案】C 【解析】本題考查了同義詞辨析。overran

58、“超過（范圍）”；exceeded“超過，超越（數(shù)量，限制）”；outstripped“超過，趕上”；caught up“追上，趕上（接名詞時跟with連用）”，此處指的是在比賽中超過，趕上別人，所以可以排除選項A、B，此處如果使用catch up的話后面應(yīng)該加with，用catch up with的形式，故正確答案為選項C。 10. 單選題 We usually have a ten minute（ ）between classes. 問題1選項 A.pause B.interference C.interval D.distract

59、ion 【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pause“暫停”；B選項interference“干擾，沖突”；C選項interval“間隔，間距”；D選項distraction“注意力分散，消遣”。句意：我們通常有十分鐘的課間休息時間。根據(jù)句意，C選項interval“間隔，間距”可表示課間休息。因此C選項符合題意。 11. 不定項選擇題 For the past two years, I have been working on students’ evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record o

60、f informal conversation（1）some 300 students from at（2）twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally（3）and direct in their comments（4）how course work would be better（5）. Most of their remarks were kindly（6）—with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the（

61、7）that the students were speaking（8）some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless,（9）the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel（10）with things-as-they are in the classroom. Professors should be（11）from reading lecture notes. “It makes their（12）monotonous”. If they are going to read,

62、why not（13）out copies of the lecture? Then we（14）need to go to class. Professors should（15）repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “（16）we’ve read the material, we want to（17）it or hear it elaborated on,（18）repeated” “A lot of students hate to buy a（19）text that the professor has wri

63、tten（20）to have his lectures repeat it.” 問題1選項 A.counting B.covering C.figuring D.involving 問題2選項 A.best B.length C.least D.large 問題3選項 A.frank B.hard-working C.polite D.reserved 問題4選項 A.at B.on C.of D.over 問題5選項 A

64、.described B.addressed C.taken D.received 問題6選項 A.purchase B.chase C.satisfy D.follow 問題7選項 A.fact B.occasion C.case D.truth 問題8選項 A.at B.with C.on D.about 問題9選項 A.if B.though C.as D.whether 問題10選項 A.satis

65、factory B.unsatisfactory C.satisfied D.dissatisfied 問題11選項 A.interfered B.discouraged C.disturbed D.interrupted 問題12選項 A.sounds B.pronunciation C.voices D.gestures 問題13選項 A.hold B.give C.drop D.leave 問題14選項 A.mustn’t B.sh

66、ouldn’t C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t 問題15選項 A.avoid B.prevent C.refuse D.prohibit 問題16選項 A.Until B.Unless C.Once D.However 問題17選項 A.keep B.discuss C.argue D.remember 問題18選項 A.not B.or C.and D.yet 問題19選項 A.desired B.required C.revised D.deserved 問題20選項 A.but B.how C.only D.about 【答案】第1題:D 第2題:C 第3題:A 第4題:B 第5題:D 第6題:C 第7題:C 第8題:D 第9題:C 第10題:D 第11題:B 第12題:C 第13題:B 第14題