2022年考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解）第74期

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1、2022年考博英語-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)考前拔高綜合測試題（含答案帶詳解） 1. 單選題 After scrutinizing the Stern Hitler Diaries, handwriting experts proclaimed them to be forgeries. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.examining B.judging C.protracting D.detecting 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過……《希特勒日記》，字跡專家宣布這些日記是偽造的。examine “（仔細(xì)地）檢查”；judge “判斷

2、”；protract “延長；繪制”；detect “發(fā)現(xiàn)，察覺”。字跡專家只有通過認(rèn)真檢查才能知曉這個(gè)日記是偽造的，因此可知劃線單詞scrutinize的意思是“詳細(xì)檢查”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 2. 單選題 “Do you want to see my driver’s license or my passport?” “Oh, （? ）." 問題1選項(xiàng) A.either does well B.either one will do C.each one is good D.each will be fine 【答案】B

3、【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。Either表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”，each表示“兩者中的每一個(gè)”。因此根據(jù)題干可知應(yīng)該用either,時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是將來時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 3. 單選題 Martin Luther King, Jr. persuaded his followers to bring the（? ）of the American Negroes to the attention of the United Nations, but they did not act very effectively. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.conspiracy B.p

4、ledge C.plight D.compulsion 【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。conspiracy “陰謀；共謀”；pledge “保證；誓言；抵押”；plight “困境；苦境”；compulsion “強(qiáng)制；強(qiáng)迫”。句意：馬丁?路德?金說服他的追隨者去讓聯(lián)合國關(guān)注美國黑人的苦境，但是他們的行動沒取得什么效果。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 4. 單選題 Being both spoiled and lazy, the boy（? ）everyone else for his lack of success. 問題1選項(xiàng)

5、 A.criticized B.blamed C.charged D.accused 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize “批評”；blame “責(zé)備，歸咎于”；charge “控訴，告誡”；accuse “控告，譴責(zé)”。blame 常與for 連用；charge 后跟for；accuse 后接of。根據(jù)“for his lack of success”可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 5. 單選題 The（? ）of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin b

6、ody. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.connotation B.denomination C.donation D.denotation 【答案】D 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。connotation “內(nèi)涵；含蓄”；denomination “面額；名稱；教派”；donation “捐款；捐贈物；捐贈”；denotation “符號；表示；意義”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一種有著長而細(xì)的身體的無腿爬行動物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 6. 單選題 Giving Employees What They Want: The Returns a

7、re HugeDavid Sirota, co-author of The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want, finds that firms where employee morale is high tend to outperform competitors. He told us: "People at work have various basic goals. First, they want to be treated fairly. Employees wa

8、nt to know they are getting what is normally defined as competitive pay. If I feel underpaid, there is not much an organization can do to boost my morale. Second, employees want a sense of achievement from work. The key element is to be proud of your job and proud of the organization for which you a

9、re doing it. The third element is camaraderie. This is also not mentioned much in our field, but it’s key——not only in the sense of having a friend, but working well together as a team.” And, he says, there are a number of other things companies can do to boost morale: “First, provide security. Lay

10、ing off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties, they retrain workers or bring work inside from subcontractors. There are a number of steps you can take before making people redundant. Second, where t

11、here are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage part of the assembly line. The team could look at quality and at whatever kinds of maintenance and support were needed, and it could decide how to rotate workers. As

12、 opposed to the usual top-down management, this approach is tremendously satisfying for workers, and thus reduces the need for bureaucracy because the people essentially are managing themselves. “Recognition is also important. Organization-wide awards should be like the Nobel Prize, where peers are

13、 involved in the selection of the individuals who receive the award for outstanding achievement, not day-to-day work. “The traditional merit pay systems with an appraisal and pay increase are quite negative. Workers feel no relation between what they do and their pay increase. A reward has to be fe

14、lt as such. Research has verified a system such as ‘gain sharing’, in which a group of workers judges its performance over time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workforce increases 10%, then that means there is greater efficiency. “In the 1980s and 1990s, we had a reaction to particular forms o

15、f management. We talk about four kinds: the first one is paternalism, where workers are treated as children. Then there is adversarial, where workers are the enemy. Then there is transactional, where workers are like ciphers. Management does not know what they are like as individuals. The attitude i

16、s, ‘We paid you, now we are even. We don’t owe you anything.’ That’s where most companies have gone today. Loyalty is dead. “The fourth is what we have been talking about, which is the partnership organization. It does not mean that because I paid you, we are now even. You don’t treat partners that

17、 way because you might need them to help you out sometime, and they might need you. It’s more like a relationship between mature adults -- not like children or enemies, but allies.” 1.In paragraph 1, what effect of high morale is mentioned? 2.Which of these does Sirota suggest is good reaction for

18、 a company with financial problems? 3.How did Toyota motivate workers on assembly lines? 4.How should bonuses be awarded, according to Sirota? 5.What, nowadays, is the typical management-worker relationship? 問題1選項(xiàng) A.Employees stay with the company longer. B.Employees work harder than

19、 their counterparts in other companies. C.Companies produce better results than their rivals. D.Companies with high morale are more respected. 問題2選項(xiàng) A.Reducing the workforce. B.Outsourcing to reduce costs. C.Reducing the rewards packages. D.Transferring employees to other jo

20、bs. 問題3選項(xiàng) A.By asking managers to take turns to perform as workers. B.By letting groups of workers make decisions on their work organization. C.By allowing teams to take over the whole process of production. D.By rewarding them for achieving their production target. 問題4選項(xiàng)

21、 A.They should be decided by people at the same level in the organization. B.They should be given on a monthly basis. C.They should be bases on routine work. D.They should be awarded as a result of evaluation from line managers. 問題5選項(xiàng) A.On where workers have to be cared for by th

22、eir managers. B.One of hostility, showing strong dislike with each other. C.One which is purely economic. D.One of co-operation on equal terms. 【答案】第1題:C 第2題:D 第3題:B 第4題:C 第5題:D 【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“發(fā)現(xiàn)那些員工士氣高的公司比他們的競爭公司經(jīng)營得要好”（finds that firms where employee morale is high

23、tend to outperform competitors），因此可知員工士氣高的公司收益要比競爭對手高，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到“解雇員工應(yīng)該是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司會采用一些防御辦法。如果公司遇到困難，他們重新培訓(xùn)員工或者從別的承包商那里接工作”（Laying off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties,

24、 they retrain workers or bring work inside from subcontractors.），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“將員工調(diào)整到其他崗位”符合題意。 第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第一二句話提到“當(dāng)工作遇到困難時(shí)，建議團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second, where there are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage

25、 part of the assembly line），接著該段介紹了團(tuán)隊(duì)如何來進(jìn)行自我管理，比如決定如何讓員工輪班（decide how to rotate workers）。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到“研究證實(shí)了一種‘收益分享’的系統(tǒng)，在這種系統(tǒng)下一組員工不斷進(jìn)行績效評估。如果生產(chǎn)量增加了20%，勞動力增加了10%，那么意味著效率更高”（Research has verified a system such as ‘gain sharing’, in which a group of workers judges its performance ov

26、er time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workforce increases 10%, then that means there is greater efficiency），由此可知獎勵是根據(jù)員工的工作業(yè)績來定的，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到“它更像成年人之間的一種關(guān)系，不像孩子或者敵人之間的相處模式，而是盟友”（It’s more like a relationship between mature adults -- not like children or enemies, but al

27、lies），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“平等的合作關(guān)系”符合題意。 7. 翻譯題 Translate the following passage into English. 騰訊新聞制作的一段視頻刻畫了中國人職場焦慮的根源：財(cái)務(wù)煩惱，人際關(guān)系，還有 沒完沒了的加班。這段視頻包括了中國職場壓力的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)，但聚焦的卻是個(gè)體的故事： 一個(gè)認(rèn)為自己永遠(yuǎn)也買不起房子的26歲青年和一個(gè)夢想移民的下級白領(lǐng)。中國越來越把自 己的焦慮和夢想當(dāng)成個(gè)人的事情，而不是集體的問題。 文章認(rèn)為，隨著中國增長放緩，民族復(fù)興——用官方的話來說就是中國夢——與普通中國人的希望和恐懼發(fā)生沖突，導(dǎo)致進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)知失調(diào)。

28、國家媒體和政府機(jī)構(gòu)繼續(xù)關(guān)注官方取得的成就和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等正面消息，大多數(shù)中國人卻越來越關(guān)心食品安全、商品質(zhì)量和醫(yī)藥安全等問題。 【答案】A piece of video produced by Tencent News portrays the root of workplace anxiety in China, namely, financial worries, interpersonal relationship, and endless overwork. This video contains the fact and data of workplace stress

29、 in China, but focuses on individual’s story: a 26-year-old young man who thinks he cannot afford a house, and a subordinate white-collar who has dreams. China is increasingly taking its anxiety and dream as an individual matter, not a collective one. This paper believes that as the growth slows, n

30、ational rejuvenation, officially named Chinese dream conflicts with the public’s hope and fear, which will lead to further cognitive dissonance. The state media and government agencies keep focusing on official’s achievements, economic development and other positive news, while most Chinese people p

31、ay more attention to food safety, goods quality and medical safety and so on.? ? 8. 單選題 It is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is（? ）to teacher-training. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.indispensable B.inviolate C.indisposed D.invariable 【答案】A

32、【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對必要的”；inviolate “無污點(diǎn)的；未褻瀆的”；indisposed “不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable “不改變的；常數(shù)的”。句意：通常情況下都會認(rèn)為當(dāng)老師和學(xué)生共事時(shí)，心理學(xué)課程是教師培訓(xùn)必不可少的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 9. 單選題 In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, they must conform to a global economic model or

33、 risk being （? ）by the market. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.replaced B.overlooked C.saturated D.penalized 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。replace “代替；更換”；overlook “忽略；俯瞰；遠(yuǎn)眺；檢查”； saturate “使?jié)裢福皇癸柡汀?；penalize “懲罰”。句意：理論上，政府有制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的自由；實(shí)際上，他們必須遵守國際經(jīng)濟(jì)模式或冒險(xiǎn)被市場懲罰。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 10. 單選題 Motorways are, no doubt th

34、e safest roads in Britain. Mile（1）mile, vehicle for vehicle, you are much （2）? likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On? （3）? hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to? （4）than in a comparable accident （5）? on the roads

35、. Motorways have no? （6）? bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and （7）? speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph. limit is? （8）? in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to thi

36、s is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps （9）? ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups （10）? one vehicle stops for some reason, such as mechanical failure, driver error and so on, have become all? （11）???familiar through pictures in

37、 newspapers or on television. How （12）of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop （13）? 70 mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. （14）? wet the road, whatever the visibility in mi

38、st or fog, or they （15）? at ridiculous speeds, oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions? （16）? their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy （17）? this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are bared （18）? motorways and are thus, as fa

39、r as this kind of driving is （19）? , thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient policing is required,? （20）? it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.for B.after C.to D.by

40、問題2選項(xiàng) A.more B.far C.less D.lesser 問題3選項(xiàng) A.another B.other C.one D.the other 問題4選項(xiàng) A.come up B.occur C.be found D.arise 問題5選項(xiàng) A.everywhere B.elsewhere C.anywhere D.somewhere 問題6選項(xiàng) A.pointed B.steep C.vertical D.s

41、harp 問題7選項(xiàng) A.thus B.then C.so D.thereupon 問題8選項(xiàng) A.yet B.even C.still D.subsequently 問題9選項(xiàng) A.utterly B.simply C.barely D.purely 問題10選項(xiàng) A.because B.since C.when D.for 問題11選項(xiàng) A.too B.also C.unduly D.unreasona

42、bly 問題12選項(xiàng) A.many B.much C.deeply D.profoundly 問題13選項(xiàng) A.to B.from C.at D.for 問題14選項(xiàng) A.Whatever B.However C.Whoever D.How 問題15選項(xiàng) A.push B.rake C.till D.plough 問題16選項(xiàng) A.unless B.before C.thus D.until

43、問題17選項(xiàng) A.to B.for C.of D.on 問題18選項(xiàng) A.from B.against C.away D.off 問題19選項(xiàng) A.related B.considered C.concerned D.touched 問題20選項(xiàng) A.but B.then C.them D.for 【答案】第1題:A 第2題:C 第3題:D 第4題:B 第5題:B 第6題:D 第7題:A 第8題:C 第9題:C 第10題:C 第

44、11題:A 第12題:A 第13題:B 第14題:B 第15題:D 第16題:D 第17題:B 第18題:A 第19題:C 第20題:D 【解析】第1題:考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)空格處后的“vehicle for vehicle”可知空格處填入的也應(yīng)該是介詞“for”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 第2題:考查邏輯關(guān)系。文章首句提到“高速公路是英國最安全的道路”（motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain），由此可知在高速公路上被殺死或者受傷的概率要比普通公路低，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第3題:考查固定搭配。上題提

45、到在告訴公路上被殺死或者受傷的概率比普通公路低，由此可知這里將提到的是關(guān)于高速公路的另一個(gè)方面，on the other hand “另一方面”為固定搭配，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 第4題:考查動詞詞義辨析。come up “出現(xiàn)；開始”；occur “發(fā)生”；be found “被發(fā)現(xiàn)”；arise “上升；出現(xiàn)”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠狻叭绻阍诟咚俟飞习l(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的車禍，那么死亡事故更有可能出現(xiàn)”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 第5題:考查副詞詞義辨析。everywhere “到處”；elsewhere “在別處；到別處”；anywhere “在任何地方；無論何處”；somewhere “

46、在某處；到某處”。由“than”可知這里是將高速公路和其他路段的死亡事故進(jìn)行對比，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 第6題:考查形容詞詞義辨析。pointed “尖的；突出的”；steep “陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急劇升降的”；vertical “垂直的”；sharp “急劇的；鋒利的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐恰案咚俟飞蠜]有……、沒有繞道或者紅綠燈”，根據(jù)bend可以推測空格處指“急彎”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 第7題:考查代詞辨析?？崭裉幥懊嫣岬健案咚俟飞蠜]有急彎、沒有繞道或者紅綠燈”，空格處后提到“速度比其他道路上的要快很多”，二者存在因果關(guān)系，由于前面有連詞and，所以

47、只能選thus。 第8題:考查副詞詞義辨析。yet “還（一般用于否定句中）”；even “甚至；即使”；still “仍然”；subsequently “隨后，其后”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐恰氨M管70千米每小時(shí)的限速……有效力，但是經(jīng)常被輕視”，由此可知，英國很多司機(jī)認(rèn)為每小時(shí)70千米的限速太慢，但是這個(gè)速度依然在執(zhí)行，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第9題:考查副詞詞義辨析。utterly “完全地；絕對地”；simply “簡單地；簡直地”；barely “僅僅；幾乎不；勉強(qiáng)”；purely “純粹地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐恰皩?shí)際上高速公路司機(jī)看起來喜歡結(jié)伴而行，每輛

48、車之間的距離……十米”，根據(jù)后文的“horrific pile-ups”（可怕的堆積）可知十米車距太短，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第10題:考查連詞辨析。because “因?yàn)椤?；since “自……以來；既然；因?yàn)椤?；when “當(dāng)……時(shí)”；for “為了；因?yàn)椤?。空格處后的句子“一輛車由于某種原因停下，比如機(jī)器故障，駕駛錯(cuò)誤等”，可知空格處單詞的意思是“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第11題:考查固定搭配。固定搭配，all too familiar “太熟悉了”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 第12題:考查固定搭配。many “許多”，修飾可數(shù)名詞；much “

49、許多，大量”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；deeply “深刻地”；profoundly “深刻地，嫉妒地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐恰坝卸嗌亳{駛員能意識到每小時(shí)70千米的速度從剎車到停止需要大約100米的距離”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意，how many “多少”。 第13題:考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)上題的句意，可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 第14題:考查邏輯關(guān)系?？崭裉幒筇岬健皐hatever the visibility in mist or fog”（不管在霧中的能見度是什么），可知對應(yīng)的是“無論路面有多潮濕”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 第15題:考查動詞詞義辨析。push “推動，增加”

50、；rake “用耙子耙；掃射；搜尋”；till “耕作”；plough “用犁耕田；開路”。空格處后提到“以荒謬的速度，無視警察的警告和限速標(biāo)志”，空格處填入選項(xiàng)D“開路”這個(gè)詞符合題意。 第16題:考查連詞辨析。unless “除……之外；除非”;before “在……以前；先于”；thus “因此”；until “在……以前；直到……時(shí)”。根據(jù)第80題可知空格處所在句子的大意是“直到他們的旅程結(jié)束”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 第17題:考查固定搭配。the remedy for sth.“對某事補(bǔ)救”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。 第18題:考查固定搭配。be barre

51、d from… “被禁止……”，空格處所在句子的大意是“現(xiàn)在，駕駛學(xué)員被禁止上高速公路”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 第19題:考查固定搭配。as far as … be concerned “就……而言”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 第20題:考查邏輯關(guān)系?？崭裉幥懊嫣岬健叭欢?，必須實(shí)行更加有效的管理”，空格處后面提到“警察的職責(zé)不僅是施行法律……”，前后形成了一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 11. 單選題 After her marriage, the happy life（? ）her appearance, making her look more beauti

52、ful than ever. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.transfigured B.disfigured C.disheveled D.transformed 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。transfigure “使改觀；美化”；disfigure “使變丑；使大為減色”；dishevel “使蓬亂；弄亂"；transform“改變，使……變形；轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：婚后，幸福的生活使她的樣貌改變，她變得比以前更漂亮了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 12. 單選題 The police chief announced that the dea

53、ths of two young girls would soon be inquired（? ）. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.about B.of C.into D.after 【答案】C 【解析】考查詞組辨析。inquire about “詢問；查問；打聽 ”；inquire of “詢問；打聽” inquire into “ 調(diào)查；追究”； inquire after “問候；詢問起”。句意：警察局長宣布著兩位年輕女孩的死因?qū)ⅠR上被調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 13. 單選題 ?It is scarcely an exaggerati

54、on to say that during the Cold War period the threat（? ）by nuclear arms seemed an ever-present danger. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.imposed B.convoked C.posed D.provoked 【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。impose “強(qiáng)加；征稅”；convoke “召集；召開”；pose “造成；擺姿勢”；provoke “驅(qū)使；激怒；煽動”。句意：毫不夸張地說，在冷戰(zhàn)期間，核武器造成的威脅似乎是一種永遠(yuǎn)存在的危險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)

55、C符合題意。 14. 單選題 Wouldn't it be easier to move about on the（? ）of the crowd than to squeeze in the middle? 問題1選項(xiàng) A.consent B.heads C.fringe D.recreation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。consent “同意；準(zhǔn)許”；head “頭；最前的部分”；fringe “邊緣；劉海；外圍”；recreation “娛樂；消遣；休養(yǎng)”。句意：難道在人群的外圍移動不比在人群中擠來擠去容

56、易嗎？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 15. 單選題 Rachel was the（? ）choice for the job thanks to her communication skills 問題1選項(xiàng) A.unanimous B.genuine C.harmonious D.agreeable 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unanimous “意見一致的；無異議的”；genuine “真實(shí)的；誠懇的”；harmonious “和諧的；協(xié)調(diào)的”；agreeable “令人愉快的；合適的”。句意：蕾切爾因?yàn)槌錾慕涣骷寄艹?/p>

57、為這份工作無異議的人選。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。 16. 單選題 It must guide public opinion, after presenting（? ）both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.inquisitively B.inconceivably C.appallingly D.impartially

58、 【答案】D 【解析】考查副詞辨析題。inquisitively “好問地，過分好奇地”；inconceivably “不可思議地”； appallingly“使人驚駭?shù)亍?；impartially“公正地”。句意：公平地展現(xiàn)每個(gè)問題的兩面并向讀者指出什么樣的方式能夠保證絕大部分人的利益，這樣就肯定能引導(dǎo)公眾輿論。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 17. 翻譯題 Translate the following passage into Chinese.? Singles Day was begun by Chinese college students in the 1990s as

59、a version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. The timing was based on the date: Nov. 11, or “11.11” —four singles. Unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to woo that special someone and end their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn it

60、into a major shopping event as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs to cars saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s answer to Cyber Monday in the United States—the day after Thanksgiving weekend, when online Christmas shopping beings and merchants have their bu

61、siest sales day. 【答案】光棍節(jié)源于上世紀(jì)90年代的中國大學(xué)生中，對于沒有浪漫伴侶的人來說，這是另一個(gè)情人節(jié)。時(shí)間是11月11日或者11?11——4個(gè)單身。單身的年輕人彼此之間聚餐或者送禮物給那個(gè)特別的人來結(jié)束他們的單身狀態(tài)。 送禮物把光棍節(jié)變成了一個(gè)重要的購物活動，從珠寶到電視到汽車等的銷售商們都從中看到了商機(jī)，并推出了光棍節(jié)銷售活動。光棍節(jié)相當(dāng)于美國的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一”，即感恩節(jié)周末后的一天，網(wǎng)上圣誕節(jié)購物開始，商人們開始了他們繁忙的銷售日。?? 18. 單選題 ?Johnson's business survived on a（? ）r

62、elationship with only a few customers. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.tentative B.salient C.lucrative D.insubstantial 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。tentative “試探性的；暫定的 "；salient “顯著的； 突出的”；lucrative “有利可圖的；有利的”；insubstantial “脆弱的；非真實(shí)的”。句意：約翰遜的生意靠與僅有的幾個(gè)顧客的有利可圖的關(guān)系維持著。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。 19. 單選題 The prodigal so

63、n（? ）his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending. 問題1選項(xiàng) A.inherited B.received C.accumulated D.dissipated 【答案】D 【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。inherit“繼承”；receive“收到；接待”；accumulate“積攢”；dissipate “浪費(fèi)；使 ……消散”。句意：那個(gè)花錢大手大腳的敗家子短短幾年就把那一大筆遺產(chǎn)揮霍掉了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 20. 單選題 The concept of “

64、environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are e

65、xternal and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even

66、 more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man,