《IPv6技術(shù)講座》PPT課件.ppt

2019/6/7,1,IPv6技術(shù)講座,滕小玲 北京大學(xué)計算中心,2019/6/7,2,主要內(nèi)容,為什么使用IPv6 IPv6主要特性 IPv6報頭 IPv6地址 IPv6的發(fā)展歷程,2019/6/7,3,為什么使用IPv6,The Case for IPv6 IPv4所面臨的問題 IPv4的地址嚴(yán)重匱乏 路由表急劇膨脹 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全 暫時的解決方法 NAT CIDR,2019/6/7,4,IPv6主要特性,Larger Address Space 128位 Aggregation-based address hierarchy Efficient backbone routing Efficient and Extensible IP datagram No fragmentation by routers 64 bits field alignement Simpler basic header Autoconfiguration Security IP Renumbering part of the protocol,2019/6/7,5,IPv6報頭,2019/6/7,6,IPv6報頭,Version(4bits) 6 for IPv6 Traffic Class(8 bits) TOS in IPv4 identify classes and priorities(diffserv) Flow Label(20 bits) PayloadLength( 16 bits) Next Header(8bits) Extensible header structure Hop Limit (8 bits) TTL in IPv4,2019/6/7,7,IPv6地址類型,RFC2373 可聚集全球地址（ Aggregateable Global Unicast Addresses） 001 1/8 total space 鏈路本地地址（Link-Local Unicast Addresses） 1111111010 1/1024 total space 節(jié)點本地地址（Site-Local Unicast Addresses） 1111111011 1/1024 total space 多點傳送地址（ Multicast Addresses） 11111111 1/256 total space,2019/6/7,8,IPv6地址,Unicast addresses Link-Local FE80:/10 automatically configured with interface id used for neighbor and router discovery Aggregateable Global 2000:/3,2019/6/7,9,IPv6地址,Multicast Addresses RFC2375 IPv6 Multicast Address Assignment FF00:/8 FFfs:/16 f: flag 0: permanent; 1: not permanent s: scope 1: node 2: link 5: site 8: organization E: global FF02:1 all nodes on the local network FF02:2 all routers on the local network,2019/6/7,10,IPv6地址,Anycast Addresses RFC2526 Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses Advantages of anycast routing optimization server load Anycast address style,2019/6/7,11,IPv6地址表示,Format is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x x is a 16 bit hexadecimal field FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210 Leading zeros in a field are optional : can be used to represent multiple groups of 16 bits of zero : can only be used once in an address FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 = FF01:101 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 = :1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 = :,2019/6/7,12,IPv6地址表示,Loopback Addresses :1 Like 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 Automatic IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunnel : IPv4 Compatible Addresses :FFFF: for IPv4-only nodes,2019/6/7,13,IPv6地址表示,RFC2732: Preferred Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL http:/1080:8:800:200C:417A:80/index.html,2019/6/7,14,IPv6地址,Required Node Addresses Its Link-Local Address for each interface Assigned Unicast Addresses Loopback Address All-Nodes Multicast Addresses Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its assigned unicast and anycast addresses Multicast Addresses of all other groups to which the host belongs.,2019/6/7,15,IPv6地址,Required Router Addresses All the required node addresses The Subnet-Router anycast addresses for the interfaces it is configured to act as a router on. All other Anycast addresses with which the router has been configured. All-Routers Multicast Addresses,2019/6/7,16,IPv6的發(fā)展歷程,6BONE IPv6地址分配 CERNET IPv6實驗床 北京大學(xué)IPv6實驗床,2019/6/7,17,6BONE,國際IPv6實驗床，不是實用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 通過 tunnels 和一些純IPv6鏈接(mostly IPv6 over ATM) 技術(shù)文檔RFC2471 IPv6 Testing Address Allocation 3FFE:/16 6bone TLA RFC2546 6bone routing policies 6Bone registry http:/ IANA（Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) 1999年12月，IANA開始通過分配正式的IPv6地址200:/13 歐洲的RIPE-NCC 亞太平洋地區(qū)的APNIC CERNIC 地址范圍為2001:250:/35,2019/6/7,19,CERNET IPv6 Testbed,背景 1998年6月加入6BONE 同年11月成為其骨干成員 1999年，CERNET在國內(nèi)教育網(wǎng)范圍內(nèi)組建了IPv6試驗床 目標(biāo) 研究同下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù) 開發(fā)新型網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用 示范上述技術(shù)和應(yīng)用，推動國內(nèi)IPv4向IPv6的過度,2019/6/7,20,Addressing,2019/6/7,21,Addressing,2019/6/7,22,CERNET IPv6 Testbed,Contact Information: Technical Staff General Mail List URL http:/ 加入試驗床的郵件列表 M 組建IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò) 規(guī)劃網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址和拓?fù)?申請地址空間和接入點 配置主機(jī)和路由節(jié)點 申請域名,2019/6/7,24,北京大學(xué)IPv6實驗床,2000年4月開始 Nokia路由器和FreeBSD系統(tǒng) IPv6 over IPv4 測試路由和DNS 移植tcp_wrappers,2019/6/7,25,IPv6實驗床結(jié)構(gòu),2019/6/7,26,IPv4到IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的遷移,SUN Scrubber IPv6 Socket API RFC2133,RFC2292,RFC2553 已有的IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用： BIND SENDMAIL APACHE TCPDUMP NEWS,2019/6/7,27,相關(guān)站點資源,http:/www.ipv6.org http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/,2019/6/7,28,