2023年重慶考研英語考試真題卷（5）

2023年重慶考研英語考試真題卷（5） 本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。 一、單項選擇題（共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意） 1.Nelson’s attitude towards desalination programs can best be described as one of . A：qualified approval B：unreserved support C：slight indifference D：absolute pessimism 2.We can learn a good deal about the nature of business by comparing it with poker. While both have a large element of chance, in the long run the winner is the man who plays with steady skill. In both games ultimate victory requires intimate knowledge of the rules, insight into the psychology of the other players, self-confidence, a considerable amount of self-discipline, and the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to opportunities provided by chance. A：No one expects poker to be played on the ethical principles preached in churches. Poker has its special ethics, and here I am not referring to rules against cheating. The man who keeps an ace up his sleeve or who marks the cards is more than unethical; he is a crook, and can be punished as such—kicked out of the game or, in the Old West, shot. B：In contrast to the cheat, the unethical poker player is one who, while abiding by the letter of the rules, finds ways to put the other players at an unfair disadvantage. Perhaps he bothers them with loud talk. Or he tries to get them drunk. Ethical poker players frown on such tactics. C：Poker’s own brand of ethics is different from the ethical ideals of civilized human relationships. The game calls for distrust of the other fellow. It ignores the claim of friendship. Cunning deception and concealment of one’s strength and intentions, not kindness and openheartedness, are vital in poker. No one thinks any the worse of poker on that account. And no one should 3.In terms of poker’s ethics, the author believes that . A：a player who keeps an ace up his sleeve violates poker’s ethics B：it is unethical for a player not to annoy the other players with noise C：a player who doesn’t observe poker’s special ethics can be punished D：poker has its own type of ethics different than those of social morality 4.The fifth paragraph implies that . A：nothing should prevent a businessman from making big money legally B：every businessman should give considerable thought to business ethics C：law grants businessmen the right to hurt others when necessary D：business sense simply approves anything unethical 5.It can be concluded from the passage that . A：companies may neglect laws when making their strategies B：deceptions in business might be thought of as reasonable strategies C：laws are especially tolerant of businessmen and their actions D：business ethics can be applied to solve moral problems in society 6.The game ethics as described in the passage might apply to which of the following? A：Medicine. B：Sports. C：Diplomacy. D：Finance. 7.Gramley’s remarks are mentioned to indicate that . A：Greenspan didnt rule out the possibility of a future rate reduction B：Greenspan’s monetary policy may turn out to be a failure C：Greenspan’s refusal to cut rates now was justified D：Greenspan will definitely cut the rates before Nov.6 8.From the fifth paragraph, we can learn that . A：economy is now well on its way to recovery B：economists are uncertain about consumer demand C：corporate performance is generally not encouraging D：businesses have been investing the way the Fed hoped 9.The author seems to regard Greenspan’s manipulation of interest rates with . A：disapproval B：doubt C：approval D：admiration 10.The U.S. may so far have enjoyed good luck in escaping a direct SARS hit, but officials aren’t leaving anything to chance. The best hope for averting a SARS epidemic at home will be to keep SARS out at the nation’s borders. A：Federal immigration laws authorize immigration authorities to exclude non-citizens who are determined to have a “communicable disease of public health significance”. Immigration law also authorizes the President by proclamation to suspend the entry of any group of aliens whose entry he deems to be detrimental to the interests of the United States. This little-used power could be deployed to exclude all aliens from affected areas, a policy Taiwan has recently implemented. B：Under the Public Health Service Act, any individual (citizens included) may be quarantined at an international port of entry if they are reasonably believed to be carrying a designated communicable disease. As of an April 4 Executive Order by President Bush, SARS is now a designated disease. C：Thus, in tandem with airline screening, federal health authorities are carefully monitoring travelers from affected areas in Asia for SARS symptoms. With an estimated 25,000 individuals entering the country legally from Asia on a daily basi 11.Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A：The President rarely declares a rejection of noncitizens from infected areas. B：The U.S. is the only lucky country to have kept safe from a SARS attack. C：The interests of the U.S. are given more legal protection than public health. D：The Public Health Service Act has been brought into effect since April 4. 12.The phrase “a tall order” most probably means . A：an ambitious plan B：a difficult task C：a careful arrangement D：an illegal decision 13.The author would probably agree that . A：a SARS hit could be escaped by means of strict monitoring of international travel B：undocumented immigrants poses a serious threat to national security of U.S. C：illegal aliens come into the U.S. with the help of complicated smuggling networks D：American border strategy may fail to attain its goal of avoiding a SARS epidemic 14.The passage is primarily concerned with . A：the threat of SARS to the national security of U.S. B：the U.S. border strategy against SARS C：the problems in U.S. national security D：the crisis of a public health emergency 15.European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiations? A：On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken—the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cut—that should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations. B：The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developin 16.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that____ A：[A] farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP B：[B] the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks C：[C] the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries D：[D] the world’s trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently 17.In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations ? A：[A] Farmers lose their interest in farming. B：[B] Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years. C：[C] Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly. D：[D] The measures damage the reformers’ confidence. 18.The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to____ A：[A] Europe’s negotiators’ loss of confidence B：[B] European expenditure on farm support C：[C] escape clauses for some European countries D：[D] suspicion of the new package 19.Perhaps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere. There will be no escaping Pottermania. A：Yet Mr Potter's world is a curious one, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media (hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalisation) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowling's fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America and Britain's Bloomsbury in English elsewhere) have organised is a reading by Ms Rowling in London's Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast. B：Hollywood, which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brand say that, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low. C：Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing and merchandising rights in return for what now appears to have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to produce 20.Ms Rowling’s reading in London's Royal Albert Hall is mentioned to show____ A：[A] publishers are really adventurous in managing the Potter’s business B：[B] businesses involved with Potter are moving along in an unusual way C：[C] the media are promoting Pottermania more actively than Hollywood D：[D] businesses are actually more credible than media in Potter’s world 21.Paragraph 5 intends mainly to show Warner’s____ A：[A] determination to promote Potter B：[B] consistence in conducting business C：[C] high regard for Ms Rowling’s request D：[D] careful restrictions on licensing to Coco-Cola 22.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that____ A：[A] products of Potter films have brought enormous profits to Warner B：[B] current Hollywood’s marketing of Potter may damage its potential C：[C] readers could get tired of Ms Rowling’s writings sooner or later D：[D] Warner will maintain the same strategy with Potter in futur 23.St. Paul didn’t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “ mischievious” and “ hard to get rid of it,” but Oscar Wilder said, “ Gossip is charming.” A：“ History is merely gossip,” he wrote in one of his famous plays. “ But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.” B：In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. C：Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. D：Gossip is “ an intrinsically valuable activity,” philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn’t come through ordinary channels, such as: “ What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?” Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze’ev says. 24.By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding” (Para. 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev means gossip____ A：[ A ] is a valuable source of social information B：[ B ] produces a joy that most people in society need C：[ C ] brings people the feel of being part of a group D：[ D ] satisfies people’s need of being unusual 25.We learn from the last paragraph that____ A：[ A ] gossipers will surely become gossipees someday B：[ B ] Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipee C：[ C ] Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping D：[ D ] an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual 26.The author’s attitude toward “ gossip” can be best described as____ A：[ A ] neutral B：[ B ] positive C：[ C ] negative D：[ D ] indifferent 27.SoBig.F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig.F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig.F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting” e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines ma A：Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig.F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig.F was capable of “multi-threading”: it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. B：laster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call”. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsoft's Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in W 28.Which of the following best defines the word “ doctored” (line , para. 1) ? A：[A] falsified B：[B] cured C：[C] deceived D：[D] diagnosed 29.Compared with SoBig.F, Blaster was a virus that was____ A：[A] more destructive B：[B] more humorous C：[C] less vulnerable D：[D] less noticeable 30.From the text we learn that Welchi____ A：[A] is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did B：[B] is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster C：[C] is a program intended to fix the infected machines D：[D] is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “ pings” 31.The tone of the text can best described as____ A：[A] optimistic and humorous B：[B] analytical but concerned C：[C] passionate but pessimistic D：[D] scholarly and cautious 32.If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. A：The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resources management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. B：While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese of German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific sk 33.What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm? A：[A]He is one of the most important executives in the firms. B：[B]His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. C：[C]He is directly under the chief financial executive. D：[D]He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 34.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to____ A：[A]workers who can operate new equipment B：[B]technological and managerial staff C：[C]workers who lack basic background skills D：[D]top executives 35.What is the main idea of the passage? A：[A]American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management. B：[B]Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management. C：[C]The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy. D：[D]The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. 36.The public holiday on the last Monday of August marks, in most British minds, the unofficial end of summer. A vast migration takes place, as millions take advantage of the long weekend to visit seaside resorts or fly to Europe in a final sun-seeking cheer. Once the festivities are over, gloom descends: workers face four months of uninterrupted labor until Christmas Eve, their next official day off. A：This depression often provokes calls for more public holidays, and this year the clamor has been louder than usual. David Cameron's new Conservatives have been forced to deny rumors that they would recommend three new public holidays. Earlier in the summer, two ministers suggested a worthy sounding “Britain Day”, intended to inspire civil pride. On August 27th the Institute for Public Policy Research, a worthy think-tank, called for a new day off to “celebrate community heroes”. B：To the idlers, the case for more time off looks persuasive. By European standards at least, Britain is a nation of workaholics, with only the Austrians labouring as many hours per week. Workers are entitled to 20 working days of leave a year, the European Union's required minimum. Other countries are more generous. France and Denmark give at least 25 days in leave, and many Finns get 30. Britons celebrate a miserably eight national holidays a year; in Europe only the Romanians, with five, have fewer. Even significant nati 37.The calls for more public holidays in Britain could be the results of____ A：[A]the economic depression B：[B]the 4-month work without a rest C：[C]the long wait for an official day off D：[D]recommendation of two ministers 38.What does the word “workaholics” most probably mean(Line 2, Paragraph 3)? A：[A]Compulsive workers. B：[B]Idle workers. C：[C]Lazy workers. D：[D]Irrational workers. 39.According to the passage, the increase of British working days of leave____ A：[A]is supported by all British people B：[B]is planned by CBI to be carried out by 2009 C：[C]is challenged by some opponents D：[D]is likely to result in economic recession 40.According to the text, consumers’ ethical choice____ A：[A]determines the production of commodities B：[B]forces companies to sell green products only C：[C]leads companies to modify business activities D：[D]leads to higher labou