2023年學(xué)歷類(lèi)考試考前沖刺卷

2023年學(xué)歷類(lèi)考試考前沖刺卷 本卷共分為2大題50小題，作答時(shí)間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。 一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共49題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)最符合題意） 1.關(guān)于化學(xué)性突觸傳遞，下列錯(cuò)誤的是__ A．雙向傳遞 B．突觸延擱 C．總和 D．對(duì)內(nèi)環(huán)境變化敏感 E．易疲勞 2.Passage FiveThe computer is a wonderful machine. It is the most important invention since the type of engine used in cars. Today it has the greatest effect on science, industry and business, but it is being used more in education and medicine. By the end of this century it will touch the lives of everyone, even people in distant villages. It is a revolutionary invention.The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China since the sixth century. In the seventeenth century an adding machine was invented, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1973. A few years later a computer could do 5,000 additions per second. Now the computations are so fast that they are measured in nanoseconds.Today most computers are stored-program computers, that is, they have a memory. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster. Even in a large computer, the part that does the actual computing is about the size of the end of a finger.Computers can do all kinds of work. When someone buys something in a department store, in formation about the sale goes into a computer. A scientist can talk to the computer about the rocks, and the computer answers the questions. A doctor can talk to the computer and explains what is wrong with a patient. If the doctor asks why, the computer goes through its stored information and ex plains exactly why.When early humans began fanning, it was a revolutionary change in human life. It was hundreds of thousands of years later that people developed a writing system. In less than fifty years people have developed computers that can do most of the things humans can do. This could be a frightening development.The part of a computer that （） is the size of the end of a finger. A．prints the information B．stores the information C．does the computing D．memorizes computing 3. 4.生產(chǎn)商品的社會(huì)必要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)時(shí)間隨著生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提高而發(fā)生變化，這時(shí)早先生產(chǎn)的商品的 A．價(jià)值與價(jià)格將隨之發(fā)生反方向的變化 B．價(jià)值與價(jià)格將隨之發(fā)生同方向的變化 C．價(jià)值不變，價(jià)格發(fā)生反方向的變化 D．價(jià)格不變，價(jià)值發(fā)生反方向的變化 5.既能止血又能降低門(mén)靜脈壓的藥物是 A．6-氨基己酸 B．安絡(luò)血 C．垂體后葉素 D．止血敏 E．抗血纖溶芳酸 6.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ______ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. A．by that B．a(chǎn)t that C．on that D．in that 7.肛裂最突出的臨床表現(xiàn)是 A．排便時(shí)糞便表面帶血 B．經(jīng)常便秘 C．排便時(shí)和排便后肛門(mén)劇烈疼痛 D．膿血便、疼痛、肛門(mén)痙攣 8.下列描述中，不符合Burkitt淋巴瘤的是 A．與8號(hào)染色體上c-myc基因的易位有關(guān) B．常發(fā)生于頜骨、顱骨、面骨 C．鏡下形成滿天星圖像 D．不可治愈 9.期貨交易所一般實(shí)行 A．合約制 B．會(huì)員制 C．期貨制 D．合同制 10.鄧小平指出：“社會(huì)主義是共產(chǎn)主義第一階段，當(dāng)然這是一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)的歷史階段?！蔽覈?guó)之所以處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的最根本的原因是 A．存在多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì) B．生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達(dá) C．我國(guó)的主要矛盾決定的 D．我國(guó)社會(huì)主義制度還不完善 11.引起不同坡度的溫度差異的主要因素是__。 A．風(fēng)速差異 B．海拔高低差異 C．太陽(yáng)輻射差異 D．降水幅度差異 12.應(yīng)用級(jí)網(wǎng)關(guān)類(lèi)的防火墻主要進(jìn)行 ______。 A．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)包過(guò)濾 B．應(yīng)用程序訪問(wèn)過(guò)濾 C．訪問(wèn)規(guī)則過(guò)濾 D．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)包轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) 13.Passage TwoThe difference between biological and physical science is not that one is inexact, the other exact, but in degree of exactness, this being related to the number of variables which must be dealt with simultaneously and the extent to which they can be controlled. In general, the biological sciences must deal with larger errors than the physical sciences; but this is not uniformly true, as the student will realize when he considers the accuracy of meteorological prediction or if he comprehends the meaning of the fact that the structural engineer considers it necessary very often to use a safety factor of two or three hundred per cent. The statistical principles of dealing with error of measurement, or in prediction and generalization, are the same whether the errors are large or small. Statistics is not a means of confusing issues that would otherwise be clear, nor a substitute for obtaining clear answers, but a means of checking and controlling conclusions by providing an estimate of the error to which a conclusion is subject.According to the writer, the exactness of a science is partly related to （） A．the skill of the scientist B．the extent to which variables can be controlled C．the requirements of the observer D．the development of more accurate instruments 14.晏陽(yáng)初提倡的四大教育不包括__ A．生計(jì)教育 B．文藝教育 C．衛(wèi)生教育 D．體育教育 15.Soft money is the huge, unlimited contributions from corporations, labor union and wealthy individuals that political parties raise and spend on campaign attack ads and other (1) designed to influence elections. The soft money system undermines campaign finance laws (2) limit contributions and (3) the sources of funds that can be spent on federal campaigns. It provides corporations, labor unions, and wealthy individuals a way to circumvent federal election laws and (4) campaigns with tens of millions of special interest dollars, (5) corporations and unions have been (6) from contributing or spending their treasury finds to influence federal elections since 1907 and 1947, (7) . Individuals can contribute to federal (8) through parties and candidates, but only in (9) amounts.The Democratic and Republican parties (10) ＄262 million in (11) money for the 1996 elections. The parties raise soft money under the (12) that it will be used for general party building activities. (13) , soft money pays for campaign ads in the way as issue discussion, political research, polling, fund raising, and get out the-vote efforts all of which affect the (14) of federal elections.Soft money was the source of the 1996 political fund-raising scandals, (15) the selling of the Lincoln bedroom, White House coffees and the influx of foreign money into the (16) campaign.The McCain-Feingold bill (17) the soft money system by prohibiting candidates and national political parties from raising soft money, and by prohibiting state political parties from (18) soft money on activities which affect federal elections. In other (19) ,the current practice of raising unlimited soft money contributions from corporations, unions and wealthy individuals, and then channeling this money into federal elections would end. The national parties would be (20) to raise all of their funds under the limits and restrictions in the law.Read tile following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)7（） A．what B．that C．a(chǎn)nd D．it 16.China’s entry into the WTO actually represents the result of a three-sided win-win situation--China, the United States and the WTO. China, still a developing country, has a total economic capacity (1) seventh worldwide, and is the 10th largest nation (2) trade worldwide. In the 21st century, China’s economy will greatly (3) the world economy. Without China, the WTO is (4) , and its role greatly (5) Thus, China’s entry into the WTO is ,necessary for the WTO to (6) its universality. (7) the United States, China’ s entry into the WTO will realize the general needs of the development (8) and the mutual interests of Sino-U. S. (9) trade, and will help gradually solve the problem of huge deficits in the U.S. trade with China.As for China, through 13 years of difficult negotiations, China has finally realized its (10) of joining the WTO as a developing country: the bilateral agreement between China and the United States (11) this fundamental principle. China’s entry into the WTO as a developing country is (12) great significance, implying as it does that China will enjoy, according to law, a developing country’s preferential arrangements, protection of and export subsidies for its embryonic industries, as well as elastic stipulations in the tariff system. For example, China will (13) for a six-year period a 25 percent import tax rate for its auto industry; in the agriculture sector, most of markets (wheat, maize, rice, cotton, sugar, and fertilizer) will be franchised by the State so as to ensure the State has (14) means of macroeconomic control, there by (15) farmers’ interests; and the banking sector will gradually open during a transitional period. Moreover, in some sectors, the markets will still remain closed, or, at least, the ’opening of these markets has to be specifically (16) by the Chinese government. Only developing countries have the right to enjoy the above-mentioned buffer opportunities. The Sino-U. S. agreement further contains no (17) prohibiting China from adopting WTO exceptional clauses; instead, China can adopt exceptional clauses which are exclusively (18) to developing countries. This objectively recognizes that China enjoys status of a developing country and means that China can adopt such exceptional clauses as protection of its infant industries. Should its domestic markets be seriously affected or harmed by external factors China can adopt temporary measures to compensate.In short, China’s (19) to the WTO as a developing country ensures that China’s obligations to the WTO are (20) with its current development level, thus greatly reducing the negative effects to China’s industries resulting from its entry into the WTO.2（） A．prohibiting B．protecting C．projecting D．preventing 17.一般而言，啟動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)是由啟動(dòng)顯示與__組成。 A．探測(cè)顯示 B．目標(biāo)顯示 C．干擾顯示 D．分心物顯示 18.多食苦味，則 A．血脈凝滯，面色無(wú)澤 B．筋脈拘急，爪甲枯槁 C．皮膚干燥，毫毛脫落 D．皮肉皺縮，口唇干薄 19.搶救大咯血窒息患者時(shí)最緊急的措施是 A．高濃度氧療 B．解除呼吸道梗阻，保持氣道通暢 C．靜脈注射呼吸中樞興奮劑 D．進(jìn)行人工呼吸 E．補(bǔ)充血容量，維持血壓 20.患者因急性左心衰入院，既往有兩次心肌梗死病史，關(guān)于心肌梗死的記錄應(yīng)放在 A．現(xiàn)病史中 B．既往史中 C．個(gè)人史中 D．現(xiàn)病史中與既往史中都要記錄 E．不必記錄 21.Much social talk, (36) from casual conversation to formal (37) speech has an aim other than to convey information or to achieve agreement on disputed issues. Individuals talk and listen to one (38) , in part simply to enhance sociability--to (39) their enjoyment in being together. Sometimes this is called speech to entertain, but this traditional label has (40) been very satisfactory. Social talk serves a more important function (41) merely to pass time (42) .A great deal of the (43) and the listening that occurs (44) casual circumstances may seem to be (45) , in the sense that the discourse is relaxed, relatively formless, and expressive of strong and intimate feelings. (46) , such speaking and listening are highly valued. Normal individuals dread being deprived (47) companionship. If required to be (48) for a time, they may mm on the (49) or television, not to learn something, (50) not even to be entertained, (51) to feel the sociability of hearing human speech. The (52) purpose of much speech (including most (53) and many public speeches) is to knit together (54) closely and more pleasantly the ties of (55) .50（） A．under B．below C．over D．a(chǎn)bove 22.參與一碳單位代謝的氨基酸是 A．絲氨酸、丙氨酸 B．甘氨酸、酪氨酸 C．賴(lài)氨酸、蛋氨酸 D．甘氨酸、絲氨酸 23.__的教育哲學(xué)成為中世紀(jì)基督教教育的理論基礎(chǔ)。 A．昆體良 B．奧古斯丁 C．西塞羅 D。阿奎那 24.某研究者為了評(píng)價(jià)拜新同治療高血壓的效果，從10家市級(jí)醫(yī)院中隨機(jī)抽取 200名高血壓患者，并隨機(jī)分為兩組，一組服用拜新同，另一組服用安慰劑，隨訪6個(gè)月，觀察血壓的變化情況，比較、分析兩組的效果，以判斷拜新同的療效。這種研究屬于 A．描述性研究 B．病例對(duì)照研究 C．隊(duì)列研究 D．實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 E．理論研究 25.He was （） admission of the restaurant for not wearing a tie. A．denied B．granted C．a(chǎn)cquired D．a(chǎn)ppealed 26.Mary: Tom, would you like to go to a party this SaturdayTom: ______. What kind of partyMary: It's a birthday party. A．Sounds good B．Looks nice C．Seems all right D．Feels excellent 27.上盛下虛，寒痰喘咳，最宜選用 A．真武湯 B．金匱腎氣丸 C．蘇子降氣湯 D．小青龍湯 28.蘇合香丸的功用是 A．清熱開(kāi)竅，鎮(zhèn)驚安神 B．清熱化痰，開(kāi)竅定驚 C．清熱開(kāi)竅，化濁解毒 D．芳香開(kāi)竅，行氣溫中 29.完帶湯證的病變臟腑是 A．心、脾 B．脾、腎 C．肝、脾 D．肝、腎 E．脾、肺 30.Some countries still have death penalty (死刑), but it no longer (61) in Britain. After a particularly (62) murder, British people would sometimes call (63) it to be brought back. In some people’s (64) , the death penalty cannot be defended for a number of (65) According to what these people (66) , the first and the most important one is that one can (67) be entirely certain that the person who is sentenced to death is (68) . The accused might well be (69) that he or she is completely innocent a few years (70) the sentence. It is often (71) that the death penalty (72) crimes. However, many crimes are (73) by a sudden and very powerful (74) . In these cases, the individual is not thinking sensibly (75) does not stop to consider the risk. Their final reason (76) the death penalty is that it sets a bad example. The laws of the society should reflect its values, If it is wrong to murder another, (77) it is also wrong for the state to execute (處死) an individual. To sum (78) , they believe the death penalty cannot be defended. There are other ways of punishing criminals and these ways should always be (79) . Obviously, these people are much more sympathetic with the accused than with the (80) . Are the societies which have abandoned death penalty safer than the others The answer is definitely negative.54（） A．a(chǎn)rgue B．propose C．a(chǎn)ssume D．suppose 31.Would you like me ______ the radio a bit A．turning down B．to turn down C．turn down D．turned down 32.“三個(gè)代表”重要思想，在鄧小平理論的基礎(chǔ)上，創(chuàng)造性回答的問(wèn)題是__。 A．什么是馬克思主義、怎樣對(duì)待馬克思主義 B．什么是共產(chǎn)主義、怎樣為實(shí)現(xiàn)共產(chǎn)主義目標(biāo)而奮斗 C．什么是社會(huì)主義、怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義 D．建設(shè)什么樣的黨、怎樣建設(shè)黨 33.消化性潰瘍的最常見(jiàn)合并癥是 A．穿孔 B．癌變 C．幽門(mén)狹窄 D．出血 E．黏膜萎縮 34.It is seen as an effective means of business communication where relevant staff can have （） to a computer network. A．excess B．a(chǎn)ccess C．a(chǎn)ssess D．entrance 35.研末調(diào)敷足心用治口瘡的藥是 A．吳茱萸 B．小茴香 C．肉桂 D．母丁香 36.Text 4During the 1990s boom Dell Computer’s customers got hooked on speed. Most were willing to pay a premium to have their computers shipped by overnight air express. But today, the equation has flipped. Customers prize cost savings over speed. Now, most of our computers [in the U. S. ] are shipped on the ground and we can still reach just about everyone within two days, says Fred Montoya, Dell’s vice president for worldwide logistics.Express air shipping isn’t in a death spiral. But recession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willing to pay for overnight delivery, which is three to five times more expensive than ground shipping. Even when they pay, satisfaction is not guaranteed. After September 11, security scrutiny of air freight can result in long delayswhich means roads may actually be faster. That’s another reason why the number of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6% in 2001. And even with the recovery under way, air express volume is forecast to rebound by just 3% this year. There’s a mass migration from air to trucks, says Jerry Levy, marketing director for air shipper Bax Global Inc.The industry’s giants are ready to roll with the change. In the past several years, Fe-dEx and UPS have rebuilt their ground networks as a series of regional hubs able to deliver most packages overnight within a 700 mile radius. Now, we can move a package in the most expedient way ground or air or a combination of both, says Tom Weidemeyer, UPS’ chief operating officer and president of its airline unit. New technologiesincluding bar coding, satellite tracking, online billing and statusare easing the transition. Even impatient customers are willing to do without overnight delivery if they know when [a shipment] will arrive, notes Brian Clancy, a principal at industry consultant Merge-Global Inc.The grounding of so much freight is solidifying the lead of UPS and FedEx. We’re able to keep business in the family that we might have lost, says William Margaritis, FedEx’s corporate vice-president for worldwide communications. His company has invested $ 700 million in a new ground-delivery network while deferring the delivery of 123 aircraft. And strict new security requirements have forced the passenger airlines to stop carrying packages for the U. S. Postal Service, notes Richard Lung, director of revenue management at United Airlines Inc. ’s cargo unit. And small shippers, whether air or truck, lack the capital to build hybrid networks. We got caught with our pants down, says Levy of Bax Global, which added a ground-delivery unit in 2000. Slow and steady really does win the race.We can learn from the beginning of the text that（） A．customers used to attach importance to fancy packaging. B．there is a radical change in customers' considerations. C．it is high time that delivery service would better quality. D．customers now tend to choose speed over cost savings. 37. 38.嬰兒結(jié)核性腦膜炎早期主要表現(xiàn)為 A．發(fā)熱、盜汗、消瘦 B．蹙眉、皺額、凝視、嗜睡 C．便秘 D．食欲下降、嘔吐 E．驚厥 39.下述免疫屬于非特異性免疫的是： A．患麻疹后不會(huì)再感染麻疹 B．唾液內(nèi)溶菌酶的殺菌作用 C．注射流行性乙型腦炎預(yù)防針 D．種牛痘預(yù)防天花 40.“甘薯所在，居民便有半年之糧”，至遲在______時(shí)就可以吃到這種高產(chǎn)美味食品。 A．唐朝 B．西漢 C．明朝 D．清朝 41.關(guān)于建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)的出讓?zhuān)铝姓f(shuō)法正確的是__ A．僅限于招標(biāo)、投標(biāo)方式 B．應(yīng)當(dāng)簽訂出讓合同 C．建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)自出讓合同生效時(shí)設(shè)立 D．是無(wú)償?shù)? 42.病理性鈣化鈣鹽量多時(shí)肉眼呈 A．暗紅色團(tuán)塊狀 B．黑色炭末樣 C．藍(lán)色顆粒狀質(zhì)塊 D．灰白色石灰樣質(zhì)塊 43.對(duì)兒童的道德發(fā)展提出3水平6階段道德發(fā)展理論的是（） A．皮亞杰 B．柯?tīng)柌? C．杜威 D．弗洛伊德 44.______ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A．Would she leave B．If she leaves C．Were she to leave D．If she had left 45.銷(xiāo)售專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，在一個(gè)不再擴(kuò)張的市場(chǎng)中，一個(gè)公司最佳的銷(xiāo)售策略就是追求最大的市場(chǎng)份額，而達(dá)到目標(biāo)的最佳方式就是做一些能突出競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手 缺點(diǎn)的比較廣告。在國(guó)內(nèi)蕭條的奶粉市場(chǎng)中，A牌奶粉與B牌奶粉進(jìn)行了兩年的比較廣告戰(zhàn)，相互指責(zé)對(duì)方產(chǎn)品對(duì)嬰兒的健康造成有害影響。然而，這些廣告戰(zhàn)并沒(méi) 有使各自的市場(chǎng)份額增大，反而使很多人不再購(gòu)買(mǎi)任何品牌的國(guó)產(chǎn)奶粉。　　以上陳述最強(qiáng)地支持下面哪一個(gè)結(jié)論 A．不應(yīng)該在一個(gè)正在擴(kuò)張或可能擴(kuò)張的市場(chǎng)中使用比較廣告。 B．比較廣告冒有使它們的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)不是擴(kuò)張而是收縮的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 C．比較廣告不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何長(zhǎng)期效益，除非消費(fèi)者能很容易地判斷那些廣告的正確性。 D．如果一個(gè)公司的產(chǎn)品比其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量明顯高出一籌的話，比較廣告在任何情況下都能增加該公司產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)份額。 46.設(shè)A是任-n(n≥3)階方陣，A*是其伴隨矩陣，又k為常數(shù)，且k≠0，±1，則必有(kA)*=______． A．kA* B．kn-1A* C．knA* D．k-1A* 47.適用死緩必須具備的條件是__。 A．犯罪分子有悔改表現(xiàn) B．犯罪分子有立功表現(xiàn) C．罪不當(dāng)死 D．不是必須立即執(zhí)行死刑 48.下列句子中，（）與“螞蟻搖頭晃腦捋著觸須，猛然間想透了什么，轉(zhuǎn)身疾行而去”運(yùn)用的修辭手法相同。 A．那個(gè)柿子多半是因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)在太高的樹(shù)梢上，才沒(méi)有讓人摘下來(lái)。 B．如果以樂(lè)器來(lái)對(duì)應(yīng)四季，我想春天應(yīng)該是小號(hào)，夏天是定音鼓，秋天是大提琴，冬天是圓號(hào)和長(zhǎng)笛。 C．這里的水卻不同，要說(shuō)多也不算太多，但股股疊疊都精神煥發(fā)，合在一起比賽著奔騰的力量。 D．我回到寫(xiě)字臺(tái)前，把《野草》闔上，我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，那一顆透明的紅心也在書(shū)上燃燒。 49.If motorists had to pay an extra tax to drive in cities, they （） their cars a lot less. A. use B. will use C. used D. would use 二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（共49題，每題2分。每題的備選項(xiàng)中，有多個(gè)符合題意） 1.人民法院在處理相鄰房屋滴水糾紛時(shí)，對(duì)有過(guò)錯(cuò)的一方造成他方損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)責(zé)令其。 A．排除妨礙 B．消除危險(xiǎn) C．賠禮道歉 D．賠償損失