高中英語讀后續(xù)寫中常見錯誤例析(詞性問題)

英語和漢語不僅在遣詞造句、句型搭配、習慣用法等方面有很大的差別，就是在詞性方面也有很大的差別，并且這種差別有時會使同學們在寫作時稍不小心就釀成錯誤。如： 誤用：Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck here during it was being repaired. 改為：Unfortunately, my car broke down and I was stuck here while it was being repaired. 說明：during 是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，不接句子。又如：He confidently authorized me to act for him while he is abroad. 他信任地委托我在他出國期間代行他的事務。 句意：不幸的是，我的車壞了，在修車的時候，我就被困在那里了。 誤用：He used to be very anxious if he had to make a speech, even it was only a speech to his old school. 改為：He used to be very anxious if he had to make a speech, even if it was only a speech to his old school. 說明：從語義上看，even 和 even if都可表示“即使”，但是兩者的詞性不同：even 是副詞，even if 是連詞。比如：It was cold there even in July. 那里即使在七月，天氣都很冷。Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走著去，我也要走到那里。 句意：如果他要演講，他總是焦急不安，哪怕演講是在以前呆過的學校進行。 誤用：With the cost of keeping money in the bank increases, so it’s spent faster. 改為：As the cost of keeping money in the bank increases, so it’s spent faster. 說明：雖然 with 和 as 均可表示“隨著”，但詞性不同：with 是介詞，后接名詞或代詞，而 as 用于此義時是連詞，后接句子。比較：He will improve as he grows older. 隨著年齡的增長，他會進步的。People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 時代變了，人們的觀念也會變化。 句意：隨著在銀行存錢的費用增加，人們的錢花得也更快了。 誤用：She crawled cross the floor, her eyes stinging from the smoke. 改為：She crawled across the floor, her eyes stinging from the smoke. 說明： across 和 cross 均可表示“橫過”、“穿過”，但詞性不同：across 是介詞，cross 是動詞。比較：cross the street 橫過馬路 / walk across the street 走過馬路；cross a river 過河，渡河 / swim across a river 游過河 句意：她從地板上爬過去，眼睛被煙熏得直痛。 誤用：We were driving around outside when unfortunately three old ladies emerged from the hotel and came straightly across in front of us. 改為：We were driving around outside when unfortunately three old ladies emerged from the hotel and came straight across in front of us. 說明：在現代英語中，straight 既可用作形容詞，也可用作副詞。straightly這個副詞形式在現代英語中已被廢棄，許多詞典均不再收錄此詞。又如：We enjoy fresh vegetables and fruit, straight from the garden: fresh orange juice, fresh fish, fresh bread. 我們享用直接從果菜園采摘的新鮮的蔬菜和水果、新鮮的橘汁、新鮮的魚、新鮮的面包。 句意：我們正在外面開車兜風時，倒霉的是有三位老年婦女突然從飯店出來，直接從我們面前穿過。 誤用：He fell down to the ground, his mouth open and eyes close. 改為：He fell down to the ground, his mouth open and eyes closed. 說明：open 和 close 均可用作動詞，前者表示“開”，后者表示“關”，是一對反義詞，如：Please open your mouth.(請張開嘴)，Please close your mouth. (請閉上嘴)。但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容詞，此時前者意為“開著的”，后者意為“接近的”、“親近的”等，而并不表示“關著的”，要表示“關著的”，英語用 closed，即用作形容詞時，open 與close 不是一對反義詞，而與 closed 才是反義詞。 句意：他倒在地上，嘴張開著，眼睛閉著。 誤用：It was at the tip of my tongue to tell him, suddenly the phone rang. 誤用：It was at the tip of my tongue to tell him, when the phone rang. 說明：從句意看，用suddenly 并不錯；但從句法來分析，空白處前后各為一個句子，而 suddenly 是副詞，顯然不承擔起連接兩個句子的重任。而when 用作并列連詞，可表示“這時（突然）”的意思。又如：We were about to start, when it rained. 我們正要開始，就下起雨來了。She was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help. 她正在路上走著，突然聽見有人呼救。不過，如果將 when 改為 and suddenly 也是可以的。 句意：我差點就要告訴他了，這時突然電話鈴響了。 誤用：He used to afraid of heights but he has got over that now.  改為：He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now.  說明：因為 afraid 是形容詞，不是動詞，故其前的 be 不可省略。又如：No matter what happens I’ll stand by you. so don’t be afraid. 不管發(fā)生什么事我都支持你，別怕。Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. 沒人有必要擔心染上這個病。 句意：他過去有恐高癥，現在已經沒了。 誤用：Do these students against the plan made by the teachers? 改為：Are these students against the plan made by the teachers? 說明：誤用句主要是沒有意識到其后的 against 是介詞，而不是動詞。又如：Are you for it or against it? 你是贊成還是反對？ 句意：這些學生反對老師們作出的決定嗎？ 誤用：There was a switch in the schedule, so we met in the morning instead the afternoon. 改為：There was a switch in the schedule, so we met in the morning instead of the afternoon. 說明：instead 為副詞，其后不能接賓語；instead of 是介詞，其后可接賓語。又如：You should encourage her in her attempts to become a doctor, instead of being so negative about it. 你應該對他想要成為醫(yī)生的想法給予鼓勵，而不該對此抱那么消極的態(tài)度。She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in the summer. 她選擇了在冬天休假而不是在夏天休假。 句意：時間表上有一處變動，我們在上午而不是下午開會。 誤用：Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t go to the abroad for our holidays. 改為：Even if we could afford it, we wouldn’t go abroad for our holidays. 說明：誤用句主要是將 abroad 誤認為是名詞。而其實 abroad 是副詞。又如：He was facing a difficult choice between staying with his family or working abroad. 他正面臨著是和家人呆在一起還是到國外工作的艱難抉擇。 句意：即使我們有能力，我們也不去國外度假。